Long Hours, Hundred of Emails, and No Sleep Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job Essay Example

Long Hours, Hundred of Emails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? Paper Group 1 Case Assignment Case Incident Long Hours, Hundreds of E-Mails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound like a Satisfying Job? Although the 40-hour workweek is now the exception rather than the norm, some individuals are taking things to the extreme. †¢ John Bishop, 31, is an investment banker who works for Citigroup’s global energy team in New York. A recent workday for Bishop consisted of heading to the office for a conference call at 6:00 P. M. He left the office at 1:30 A. M. and had to be on a plane that same morning for a 9:00 A. M. presentation in Houston. Following the presentation, Bishop returned to New York the same day, and by 7:00 P. M. , he was back in his office to work an additional three hours. Says Bishop, â€Å"I might be a little skewed to the workaholic, but realistically, expecting 90 to 100 hours a week is not at all unusual. † †¢ Irene Tse, 34, heads the government bond-trading division at Goldman Sachs. For ten years, she has seen the stock market go from all-time highs to recession levels. Such fluctuations can mean millions of dollars in either profits or losses. â€Å"There are days when you can make a lot, and other days where you lose so much you’re just stunned by what you’ve done,† says Tse. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Hours, Hundred of Emails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Long Hours, Hundred of Emails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Long Hours, Hundred of Emails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She also states that she hasn’t slept completely through the night in years and frequently wakes up several times during the night to check the global market status. Her average workweek? Eighty hours. â€Å"I’ve done this for 10 years, and I can count on the fingers of one hand the number of days in my career when I didn’t want to come to work. Every day I wake up and I can’t wait to get here. † †¢ Tony Kurz, 33, is a managing director at Capital Alliance Partners and raises funds for real-estate investments. However, these are not your average properties. He often travels to exotic locations like Costa Rica and Hawaii, wooing prospective clients. He travels more than 300,000 miles a year, often sleeping on planes and dealing with jet lag. Kurz is not the only one he knows with such a hectic work schedule. His girlfriend, Avery Baker, logs around 400,000 miles a year, working as the senior vice president of marketing for Tommy Hilfiger. â€Å"It’s not easy to maintain a relationship like this,† says Kurz. But do Kurz and Baker like their jobs? You bet. †¢ David Clark, 35, is the vice president of global marketing for MTV. His job often consists of traveling around the globe to promote the channel, as well as to keep up with the global music scene. If he is not traveling (Clark typically logs 200,000 miles a year), a typical day consists of waking at 6:30 A. M. and immediately responding to numerous messages that have accumulated over the course of the night. He then goes to his office, where throughout the day he will respond to another 500 messages or so from clients around the world. If he’s lucky, he gets to spend an hour a day with his son, but then it’s back to work until he finally goes to bed around midnight. Says Clark, â€Å"There are plenty of people who would love to have this job. They’re knocking on the door all the time. So that’s motivating. † Many individuals would balk at the prospect of a 60-hour or more workweek with constant traveling and little time for anything else. However, some individuals are exhilarated by such professions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2004, about 17 percent of managers worked more than 60 hours per week. But the demands of such jobs are clearly not for everyone. Many quit, with turnover levels at 55 percent for consultants and 30 percent for investment bankers, according to Vault. om. However, it is clear that such jobs, which are time consuming and often stressful, can be satisfying to some individuals. Questions 1. Do you think that only certain individuals are attracted to these types of jobs, or is it the characteristics of the jobs themselves that are satisfying? 2. What characteristics of these jobs might contribute to increased levels of job satisfaction? 3. Given that the four individuals we just read about tend to be satisfied with their jobs, how might this satisfaction relate to their job performance, citizenship behavior, and turnover? 4. Recall David Clark’s statement, â€Å"There are plenty of people who would love to have this job. They’re knocking on the door all the time. † How might Clark’s perceptions of having a job that many others desire contribute to his job satisfaction? Source: Based on L. Tischler; â€Å"Extreme Jobs (And the People Who Love Them),† Fast Company, April 2005, pp. 55–60. http://www. glo-jobs. com/article. php? article_no=87. Group 2 Case Assignment Case Incident The Upside of Anger? A researcher doing a case study on emotions in organizations interviewed Laura, a 22-year-old customer service representative in Australia. Below is a summary of the interview (with some paraphrasing of the interviewer questions): Interviewer: How would you describe your workplace? Laura: Very cold, unproductive, [a] very, umm, cold environment, atmosphere. Interviewer: What kinds of emotions are prevalent in your organization? Laura: Anger, hatred towards other people, other staff members. Interviewer: So it seems that managers keep employees in line using fear tactics? Laura: Yeah. [The General Manager’s] favorite saying is, â€Å"Nobody’s indispensable. † So, it’s like, â€Å"I can’t do that because I’ll get sacked! Interviewer: How do you survive in this situation? Laura: You have to cater your emotions to the sort of situation, the specific situation . . . because it’s just such a hostile environment, this is sort of the only way you can survive. Interviewer: Are there emotions you have to hide? Laura: Managers don’t like you to show your emotions . . . They d on’t like to show that there is anything wrong or anything emotional in the working environment. Interviewer: Why do you go along? Laura: I feel I have to put on an act because . . . o show your true emotions, especially towards my managers [Laura names two of her senior managers], it would be hatred sometimes. So, you just can’t afford to do that because it’s your job and you need the money. Interviewer: Do you ever rebel against this system? Laura: You sort of put on a happy face just so you can annoy [the managers]. I find that they don’t like people being happy, so you just annoy them by being happy. So, yeah. It just makes you laugh. You just â€Å"’put it on† just because you know it annoys [management]. It’s pretty vindictive and manipulative but you just need to do that. Interviewer: Do you ever find that this gets to you? Laura: I did care in the beginning and I think it just got me into more trouble. So now I just tell myself, â€Å"I don’t care. † If you tell yourself something for long enough, eventually you believe it. Yeah, so now I just go â€Å"’Oh well. † Interviewer: Do you intend to keep working here? Laura: It’s a means to an end now. So every time I go [to work] and every week I just go, â€Å"Well, one week down, one week less until I go away. † But if I knew that I didn’t have this goal, I don’t know if I could handle it, or if I would even be there now. Interviewer: Is there an upside to working here? Laura: I’m so much better at telling people off now than I ever used to be. I can put people in place in about three sentences. Like, instead of, before I would walk away from it. But now I just stand there and fight . . . I don’t know if that’s a good thing or a bad thing. Teaching Note: Break up the class in groups of three or four students each. Ask them to discuss the questions and share their answers later as a class.  ¦ Questions 1. Do you think Laura is justified in her responses to her organization’s culture? Why or why not? . Do you think Laura’s strategic use and display of emotions serve to protect her? 3. Assuming Laura’s description is accurate, how would you react to the organization’s culture? 4. Research shows that acts of coworkers (37 percent) and management (22 percent) cause more negative emotions for employees than do acts of customers (7percent). What can Lauraâ⠂¬â„¢s company do to change its emotional climate? Source: J. Perrone and M. H. Vickers, â€Å"Emotions as Strategic Game in a Hostile Workplace: An Exemplar Case,† Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 16, no. 3 (2004), pp. 167–78. Group 3 Case Assignment Case Incident Reaching Out, Literally â€Å"Why are people at work always touching me? † asked  Elizabeth Bernstein. It’s a problem not everyone has, but  it makes you wonder why people like Bernstein are  touched a lot at work. It also makes you wonder who does  the touching. Though there is no literature on this, the part of the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"toucher† is perhaps easier to analyze. We know that extraverts  are more expressive, demonstrative, and physically  affectionate than are introverts. So one might well conjecture  that extraverted people are doing more of the touching  at work. As for the â€Å"touchee,† that’s harder to figure. Some evidence  suggests that women are more likely recipients of  touches than are men. One study of Japanese women suggested  that agreeable women are more likely to be  touched than less agreeable women. Elizabeth Bernstein is not sure what causes her to be the  target of so many touches. â€Å"I get bear hugs from men and  unsolicited kisses on the cheek from women,† Bernstein  wrote. â€Å"Co-workers of both sexes grip my elbows, tap my  knees, and pat my back. . . . One friend hugs me every time  she sees me in the elevator. † There also may be personality differences in the degree  to which someone likes to be touched. Greg Farrall, a 39-year-old financial advisor, has the  worst of both worlds: he receives touches all the time and  hates getting them. He has repeatedly asked people not to  touch him, to no avail. â€Å"If you’re looking over me at my  computer screen, you don’t need to put your hand on my  shoulder. You can easily put it somewhere else. † Farrall is not alone in his dislike of workplace touching. One employee commented, â€Å"Few things are more annoying  than employees who put their creepy-crawlies on  co-workers. As for when touching is inappropriate, obviously, touching  someone in an inappropriate place, or continuing to  touch someone when the recipient lets you know it’s unwelcome,  constitutes sexual harassment. But many touches  fall into neither of these categories. â€Å"There aren’t standards  about what touching i s nonsexual other than handshakes,†Ã‚  said Larry Stybel, a Boston-area management  consultant. Of course, some people like being touched at work. Todd Adler, a Florida equities trader, recently started working  from home. He says, â€Å"I work with myself and can only  touch myself hich has its pluses and minuses. † Questions 1. What causes others to want to touch others at work? 2. How would you feel if a teacher in one of your classes  put his or her arm on your shoulder? Can you imagine  a situation in which that would be acceptable? Do  you think your answers say something about your  personality? 3. Some experts advise that employees should avoid all  physical contact with coworkers at all times. Do you  think that’s a wise policy? Why or why not? 4. Do you think the social mores against are distinctly  American? If so, why? Group 4 Case Assignment Case Incident Predictions Consider the following: †¢ Prediction: â€Å"A very powerful and durable rally is in the  works. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Richard Band, editor, Profitable Investing Letter  (March 27, 2008)   o Status: At that time, the Dow average was trading at  12,300; one year later, it was at 6,626. †¢ Prediction: AIG â€Å"could have huge gains in the second  quarter. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Bijan Moazami, analyst, Friedman, Billings,  Ramsey (May 9, 2008)   o Status: AIG lost $5 billion that quarter, $25 billion the  next, and $62 billion the quarter after that, before being  given a $90 billion credit by the U. S. government in  2008–2009. †¢ Prediction: â€Å"Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are fundamentally  sound . . . in good shape moving forward. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Barnie Frank, House Financial Services Chairman  (July 14, 2008)   o Status: By August 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac  were downgraded to the lowest credit ratings; on  September 7, 2008, they were placed in conservatorship  in â€Å"one of the most sweeping government interventions  in private financial markets† in history. †¢ Prediction: â€Å"I think Bob Steel’s the one guy I trust to  turn this bank around, which is why I’ve told you . . buy  Wachovia. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Jim Cramer, CNBC (September 15, 2008)   o Status: Wachovia shares lost half their value from  September 15 to December 29, and Wachovia was taken  over by Wells Fargo. †¢ Prediction: â€Å"I think you’ll see $150 a barrel [oil] by the  end of the year. †Ã¢â‚¬â€T. Boone Picke ns, investor (June 20,  2008)   o Status: By December of 2008, oil was trading at $40 per  barrel. †¢ Prediction: â€Å"In today’s regulatory environment, it’s virtually  impossible to violate rules . . . your money is safe  with me. —Bernie Madoff (October 20, 2007)   o Status: In 2009 Judge Denny Chin handed Madoff a  150-year sentence for his â€Å"extraordinarily evil† Ponzi  scheme, defrauding investors in the biggest financial  swindle in history. †¢ Prediction: â€Å"Smart investors should buy [Merrill  Lynch] stock before everyone else comes to their  senses. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Jon Birger, senior writer, Fortune’s Investors  Guide 2008 o Status: Merrill agreed to be acquired by Bank of  America to avoid insolvency; the takeover nearly cost  Bank of America its own solvency. Source: Based on P. Coy, â€Å"Worst Predictions about 2008,† Business Week ( January 12, 2009), pp. 15–16; D. Ng, â€Å"How Wrong They Were! †Ã‚  The World I Know (January 4, 2009), danielngsh. blogspot. com; and R. Frank and A. Efrati, â€Å"‘Evil’ Madoff Gets 150 Years in Epic Fraud,†Ã‚  Wall Street Journal ( June 30, 2009), pp. A1, A12. Questions 1. Do you think these examples paint a misleading or  unfair picture of financial market predictions? Why  or why not? 2. What perceptual or decision-making errors can you  identify in these predictions? 3. Why do we like making predictions so much? 4. Why do you think predictions seem so hard to make?

Boys Dont Cry1 essays

Boys Dont Cry1 essays During ones existence, new discoveries about ones self tend to occur. One of these discoveries is identity: who we are and what we really want to be. Teena Brandon, a.k.a. Brandon Teena, goes through this tough time in the movie Boys Dont Cry. As you will see, self-identity is not an easy thing to figure out. In the movie Boys Dont Cry, Teena Brandon was born a girl. As she grew older she changed. She felt as if she was really to be a guy. She proceeded to make herself look like a male by cutting her hair shorter, wrapping an ace bandage tightly around her breasts, and putting a sock in her groin area. Everyone she met saw and believed she was a guy. No one knew the truth. She then got mixed in with a new group of people and fell in love with a female named Lana. She gets very close to Lana. During this John and Tom, who are friends of Lana and her mother discover who Brandon really was. They proceeded to rape and beat her. Then they later killed her after they found out she reported the rape to the police. The movie does a very good job of exploring identity. It does it by showing how difficult it is for some people to figure out what and who they are and the pain they go through. For instance, Brandon got along with John, Tom, Candace and Lanas mom in the beginning. They accepted her when they thought she was a he. When they found out that he was really a she, they despised her and called her a lesbian and a freak. It also does a good job of showing how Lana was also confused about who she was. Lana became very attached to Brandon. Even after she found out that Brandon was a girl, she still felt the same love. This is why many people who are confused about their identity keep it inside because theyre scared of what people will think and what people will do to them. It is a very frustrating but at the same time helpful process. Identity can be a struggle for not only th...

Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board - Assignment Example Infants should be allowed to mature, to the age where they can distinguish right from wrong, that is when they should be judged. Infants can hardly distinguish right from wrong they require protection at that age. This is so, because they hardly know anything. Regardless of whether infants are baptized or not they will still inherit the kingdom of God, if they die at that age (Boyd & Paul 225). This is because they are innocent and blameless. Jesus Christ loved little children and always taught his teachings giving examples on children. He loved them because they are humble and innocent. Many people argue that infants who are not baptized will not go heaven, because it is believed that the sins of their fathers are transferred to them. This is not true, Jesus Christ died for all our sins, and he broke all curses when he was crucified (Boyd & Paul 226). Thus, all infants are freed from the sins of their fathers, because Jesus Christ broke all the curses on the

Read the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Read the instruction - Essay Example SYPTOMS: The symptoms of this degeneration are sudden weakness on unilateral side of face that causes drooping, drooling, eye problems such as watery eyes or dry eyes, inability to taste, pain behind ear and numbness on affected side of face. DIAGNOSIS: The diagnosis of this condition is done on the basis of history and examination. The patient is asked question regarding the development of their symptoms. The patient’s facial nerve is also examined. Blood tests, MRI and CT scan can also be carried out. TREATMENT: The treatment of Bell’s Palsy is following. Some patients recover from this condition without using medications. These patients are those who can exercise their facial muscles. Treatment from corticosteroids such as prednisone helps in facial movement. Corticosteroids work at their best if their administration is started within 3 days of the appearance of symptoms. At times antivirals such as acyclovir can also be added to the drug regime (Current,

World Religions Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Religions Report - Assignment Example When looking at individual practices as well as the background of Buddhism, one is able to see specific doctrines and teachings that are applied to one’s life. This is furthered with comparisons of other religions, such as Christianity, the secondary religion investigated, to define the various roles and concepts that are formed with religious beliefs. Background of Buddhism Buddhism is an older religion with origins began in India, Burma and China, where it is still widely practiced. The main principle of Buddhism is to find the Middle Path which consists of the Four Noble Truths. The objective is to see how one can move through this lifetime and reach enlightenment of the spirit. This is followed by the Eightfold Path, which is eight different mechanics which one needs to reach the same enlightenment, or nirvana. Wisdom, morality, right views, resolve, speech, action, effort and mindfulness are the Eightfold Path to obtain enlightenment. The result is that one is able to go through a self – transformation on the intellectual, emotional and moral levels, which is what the Buddhists believe to help one move into enlightenment (Keown, 2009). The spread of Buddhism to the West has not only led to the different components of the main mechanics and teachings. This includes two sectors of Buddhism, including Theravada or Mahayana. The Theravada belief is the ancient belief, stating that the teachings are based on the original teachings for enlightenment. The Mahayana practice also has the main techniques and foundation from the ancient practices. However, this has moved into alternative perspectives and techniques based on practice, such as transformative beliefs, practical solutions for today’s needs and an expansion in the meditation techniques (Fowler, 1999). Interview Summary The interview that was conducted occurred after visiting a Buddhist temple at KSA. The outer area of the temple seems like a regular structure building that was used la ter as a temple. The landscaping has a large amount of greenery and is kept to create a sense of invitation in the building. The internal area of the building has the wheel of Buddhism in various areas, the statue of the laughing Buddha and various paintings and icons that are representative of the religion from the East. An assembly hall is located in the internal area as well as several rooms to the side for worship, meeting and to look into the Buddhist literature. These are each well decorated with the Buddhist symbols and signs, the Buddhist statue and other figurines from the East. A program was being held with the doctrines and beliefs that were associated with the temple, combined with several who were visiting. A Buddhist, by the name of Aaron, was found after the program that agreed to taking the interview and which had time to answer the questions that I required (see Appendix A). Aaron was in his mid – 40s and was a frequent member at the Buddhist temple outside o f his main job as a computer programmer. The information was recorded on an iPhone then transferred to paper later. The individual interviewed had been practicing Buddhism for over 15 years with the basis being in Christianity. The pull toward Buddhism began with the individual not feeling a strong enough basis toward the Christian beliefs while wanting more with the foundation of belief. The individual then decided to visit a Buddhist temple in the area to create a different understanding of religion. The origins of the practice are not practiced by family or relatives while creating an individual approach to the idea of reaching enlightenment. However, the individual also noted that practicing Buddhi

Low-Power Folded Tree Architecture for DSP Applications

Low-Power Folded Tree Architecture for DSP Applications Low-Power Folded Tree Architecture for DSP applications Abstract— Wireless communication exhibits the highest energy consumption in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes. Due to their limited energy supply from batteries, the low power design have become inevitable part of today’s wireless devices. Power has become a burning issue in VLSI design. In modern integrated circuits, the power consumed by clocking gradually takes a dominant part. Reducing the power consumption not only enhance battery life but also avoid overheating problem. By employing a more appropriate Processing Element (PE), the power consumption is significantly reduced. In this paper the novel method for low power design is achieved by using Folded Tree Architecture (FTA) and high speed adder design for on-the-node data processing in wireless sensor networks using Parallel Prefix Operations (PPO) and data locality in hardware. Besides power reduction the objective of minimizing area and delay is also considered. Index Terms— Folded Tree Architecture (FTA), Parallel Prefix Operation (PPO), Processing Element (PE), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). INTRODUCTION Power optimization is always one of the most important design objectives in modern nanometer integrated circuit design. Especially for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), power optimization have become inevitable part in today VLSI design. Power optimization not only can enhance battery life but also reduce the overheating problem. Self-configuring wireless sensor networks can be invaluable in many civil and military applications for collecting, processing, and disseminating wide ranges of complex environmental data. Because of this, they have attracted considerable research attention in last years. Sensor nodes are battery driven and hence operate on an extremely frugal energy budget. Further, they must have a lifetime on the order of months to years. Since battery replacement is not an option for networks with thousands of physically embedded nodes. In some cases, these networks may be required to operate solely on energy scavenged from the environment through seismic, photovoltaic or thermal conversion. This transforms energy consumption into the most important factor that determines sensor node lifetime. The another important application in wireless sensor networks is event tracking, which has widespread use in applications such as security surveillance and wildlife habitat monitoring. Tracking involves a significant amount of collaboration between individual sensors to perform complex signal processing algorithms such as kalman filtering, Bayesian data fusion and coherent beamforming. This applications will require more energy for their processing. In general Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can operate in four distinct mode of operation: Transmit, Receive, Idle and Sleep. An important observation in the case of most radios is that operating in Idle mode results in significantly high power consumption, almost equal to the power consumed in the Receive mode. The data-driven nature of WSN applications requires a specific low power data processing approach. By employing more appropriate Processing Element (PE), the power consumption in all the four mode of operation will be reduced significantly. In present VLSI technology, reducing power consumption is an important issue. Especially for WSN, due to their limited battery lifetime the low power VLSI design is become inevitable for wireless commmunication. The goal of this paper is to design an low-energy Folded Tree and Multi-Bit Flip-Flop Merging technique for WSN nodes. II. RELATED WORKS In paper [2], the author proposed low-energy data processing architecture for WSN nodes using folded tree method. This paper identifies that many WSN applications employ algorithms which can be solved by using parallel prefix-sums. Therefore, an alternative architecture is proposed to calculated them energy-efficiently. It consists of several parallel Processing Elements (PEs) structured as a folded tree. The folded tree method with parallel prefix operations reduces the number of processing element and memory bottleneck. Due to clock distribution for more flip-flops, it consumes more clock power and also parallel prefix operations has high delay. In paper [3], a novel method is proposed for low clock power consumption in WSN nodes. A previously derived clock energy model is briefly reviewed while a comprehensive framework for the estimation of system wide (chip level) and clock sub-system power as function of technology scaling is presented. This framework is used to study and quantify the impact that various intensifying concerns associated with scaling will have on clock energy and their relative impact on the overall system energy. This technology scaling method reduces power clock power consumption (both static and dynamic), but due to large number of processing element- area, inverter chain, Power-Delay Product is increased. III. PROPOSED SCHEME Folded Tree Architecture with Parallel Prefix Operation is used to reduce the total number of Processing Elements (PEs) in the VLSI design. By reducing the number of processing elements, the total area is reduced. Area is proportional to power, so power consumption is also reduced. During processing and transmission of signals, the WSN nodes will consume more power. Especially for clock distribution nearly 70% power will be consumed. In order to optimize the power during clock distribution, multi-bit flip-flop merging technique is used. A. Folded Tree Architecture A straightforward binary tree implementation of Blelloch’s approach costs a significant amount of area as n inputs require p = n − 1 PEs. To reduce area and power, pipelining can be traded for throughput. With a classic binary tree, as soon as a layer of PEs finishes processing, the results are passed on and new calculations can already recommence independently [8]. Fig 1. Binary tree equivalent to folded tree The idea presented here is to fold the tree back onto itself to maximally reuse the PEs. In doing so, p becomes proportional to n/2 and the area is cut in half. Area is proportional to power, so power is also cut in half. Note that also the interconnect is reduced. This folded tree topology is depicted in Fig. 1, which is functionally equivalent to the binary tree on the left. By using the Folded Tree architecture power consumption, area and wirelength is reduced considerably. Folded Tree Architecture (FTA) for on-the-node data processing in wireless sensor networks, using parallel preà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ x operations and data locality in hardware reduces both area and power consumption. TABLE I LEAKAGE POWER AND DYNAMIC ENERGY FOR ONE PE UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS FTA is designed to reuse the PE nodes to reduces half of the total area. It limiting the data set by preprocessing with parallel preà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ x operations. The combination of data à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow and control à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow elements to introduce a local distributed memory, which removes the memory bottleneck while retaining sufà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exibility. Several processing element consumes more power, so by using FTA the PE can be reused and power is reduced. Fig 2. Folding Architecture In folding architecture, we can reuse the PEs with the help of counter and FSM. Iteration count in the counter contains the total number of times the specified PE going to be reused. The FSM enables and reset the iteration count based on the instructions. B. Parallel prefix adder. Adders are also very important component in digital systems because of their extensive use in other basic digital operations such as subtraction, multiplication and division. Hence, improving performance of the digital adder would greatly advance the execution of binary operations inside a circuit compromised of such blocks. The performance of a digital circuit block is gauged by analyzing its power dissipation, layout area and its operating speed. The main idea behind parallel prefix addition is an attempt to generate all incoming carries in parallel and avoid waiting until the correct carry propagates from the stage of the adder where it has been generated.Parallel prefix adders are constructed out of fundamental carry operators denoted by  ¢ as follows (G, P)  ¢ (G, P) = (G+G ·P, P ·P) where P and P indicate the propagations, G and G indicate the generations. The fundamental carry operator is represented as Figure Fig 3. Carry operator   Ã‚   A parallel prefix adder can be represented as a parallel prefix graph consisting of carry operator nodes. The parallel prefix Ladner Fischer adder structure has minimum logic depth, but has large fan-out requirement up to n/2. Ladner Fischer adder has less number of delay compared to other parallel prefix adders. Power Delay Product should be less inorder to achieve high throughput and speed. Fig 4. Ladner Fischer Parallel Prefix Adder The Ladner Fischer adder construct a circuit that computes the prefix sums in the circuit, each node performs an addition of two numbers. With their construction, one can choose a tradeoff between the circuit depth and the number of nodes. V CONCLUSION This paper presented the Folded Tree Architecture and Multi-Bit Flip-Flop Merging technique for WSN applications. The design describes many data processing algorithms for WSN applications along with parallel prefix operations and clock distribution networks. Power is saved using flip flop merging technique by providing single clock signal to mergeable flip flops with the help of combinational lookup table. Thus this technique can be effectively used for clock distribution in integrated circuits requiring low power consumption in clock distribution network and low skew clocks. Area is reduced using folded tree architecture by reusing processing element. Ladner Fischer parallel prefix adder reduces the delay constraints and achieve high throughput. The proposed architecture significantly reduces both power and area in WSN nodes, can save up to half of the power in total sensor node. REFERENCES V. Raghunathan, C. Schurgers, S. Park, and M. B. Srivastava, â€Å"Energy-aware wireless microsensor networks,† IEEE Signal Process.Mag., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 40–50, Mar. 2002. C. Walravens and W. Dehaene, â€Å"Design of a low-energy data processing architecture for wsn nodes,† in Proc. Design, Automat. Test Eur. Conf. Exhibit., Mar. 2012, pp. 570–573. D. Duarte, V. Narayanan, and M. J. Irwin, â€Å"Impact of technology scaling in the clock power,† in Proc. IEEE VLSI Comput. Soc. Annu. Symp.,Pittsburgh, PA, Apr. 2002, pp. 52–57. H. Kawagachi and T. Sakurai, â€Å"A reduced clock-swing flip-flop (RCSFF)for 63% clock power reduction,† in VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers Symp., Jun. 1997, pp. 97–98. Y. Cheon, P.-H. Ho, A. B. Kahng, S. Reda, and Q. Wang, â€Å"Power- aware placement,† in Proc. Design Autom. Conf., Jun. 2005, pp. 795–800. Y.-T. Chang, C.-C. Hsu, P.-H. Lin, Y.-W. Tsai, and S.-F. Chen, â€Å"Post-placement power optimization with multi-bit flip-flops,† in Proc.IEEE/ACM Comput.-Aided Design Int. Conf., San Jose, CA, Nov. 2010,pp. 218–223. P. Sanders and J. Traff, â€Å"Parallel prefix (scan) algorithms for MPI,† in proc, Recent ADV. Parallel Virtual Mach Message Pass, Interf., 2006, pp.49-57. G. Blelloch, â€Å"Scans as primitive parallel operations,† IEEE Trans. Comput.,Vol.38, no 11, pp. 1526-1538, Nov. 1989. D. B. Hoang, N. Kamyabpour â€Å"An Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks† International Conference on parallel and Distributed computing Applications and technologies., Dec 2012. Nazhandali, M. Minuth, and T. Austin, â€Å"SensBench:Toward an accurate evaluation of sensor network processors,†in Proc. IEEE Workload Characterizat. Symp., Oct. 2005. M. Hempstead, D. Brooks, and G. Wei,† An accelerator-based wireless sensor network processor in 130 nm cmos,† J, Emerg. Select. Topics Circuits Syst., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 193-202, 2011. B. A. Warneke and K. S. J. Pister, â€Å"An ultra-low energy micro- controller for smart dust wireless sensor networks,† in Proc. IEEE Int.Solid-state circuits conf. Dig. Tech. Papers. Feb. 2004, pp. 316-317. M. Hempstead, M. Welsh, and D.Brooks,†Tinybench: The case for a standardized benchmark suite for TinyOS based wireless sensor network devices,† in Proc. IEEE 29th Local comout. Netw, conf., Nov.2004, pp. 585-586. O. Girard. (2010). â€Å"OpenMSP430 processor core, available at opencores.org,† [online]. Available: http://opencores.org/project, openmsp430. H. Stone, â€Å"Parallel processing with the perfect shuffle,† IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 100, no.2, pp. 153-161, Feb. 1971. M. Hempstead, J. M. Lyons, D. Brooks, and G-Y. Wei,† Survey of hardware systems for wireless sensor networks,† J. Low Power Electron., vol.4, no. 1, pp. 11-29, 2008. C.C. Yu. Design of low-power double edge-triggered flip-flop circuit. In IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp. 2054-2057, 2007. M. Donno, A. Ivaldi, L. Benini, and E. Macii. Clock tree power optimization based on RTL clock-gating. In Design Automation Conference, pp. 622-627, 2003.

Feasibility of Geothermal Energy in the United States Essay -- Clean A

Feasibility of Geothermal Energy in the United States Abstract Over the past years, gasoline and electricity have been the leading energy resources. The search for an alternative source of energy has become a complicated problem for scientists and an economic dilemma for America's public. Scientists have been trying to recognize geothermal energy as the next leading source of energy. In this research paper, I account for the inexpensive costs and different methods of gathering the geothermal energy of America. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy resource which can heat and cool buildings. Although there are some by-products, using a particular type of system can help stop their emission. In conclusion, the use of geothermal energy can be used at a grand scale in the United States. Introduction In today's society, the need for an alternative source of energy has become an increasingly important issue. As the world's natural resources, such as water and oil, raise concern over energy security (MIT, January 22, 2007, para. 9), studies have been performed to understand and use other forms of energy. In countries like the United States, consisting of a public that is becoming increasingly aware of the dangers and expense of today's resources, a different form of energy would not only help people in daily life but also set an example for the future of the world. Geothermal energy has the potential of becoming this next alternative form of energy. Geothermal energy, solar energy trapped inside the earth (Solar4Scolars, para. 5), works based on the idea that the surface of the earth remains at a constant temperature (between 57 and 65 Fahrenheit). Geothermal energy, a heating and cooling energy, can be effectively used by a t... ...oratory, Retrieved July, 23, 2007, from http://www.ees11.lanl.gov/EES11/Programs/HDR/documents/HDREnergy.pdf (2005). How Geothermal Energy Works. Union of Concerned Scientists, Retrieved July 24, 2007, from www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/offmen-how-geothermal-energy-works.html Nix, Gerald, (2001). About Geothermal Electricity. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved July 21, 2007, from www.nrel.gov/geothermal/geoelectricity.html Richard, Patti, (2007). MIT-led Panel Backs 'Heat Mining' as Key U.S. Energy Source. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retrieved July 22, 2007, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/geothermal.html Feasibility of Geothermal Energy in the United States 14 (2006). Solar4Scholars: Geothermal Energy. The Solar Guide. Retrieved July 22, 2007, from http://www.thesolarguide.com/solar4scholars/geothermal.aspx

Revised Mid Term

It is the world's most popular energy drink brand. The beverage was inspired by Mateschltz's trip to Thailand where he discovered a local drink by the name Kratlng Daeng, and he decided to team with the Thal brand and distribute his version of the beverage In Europe, believing that It would sell and become a successful brand.Mateschitz, an innovative marketing specialist, believes in the idea of always having un, and this translates into all of the company's marketing moves, such as hosting their one-of-a-kind annual air races and advertising Red Bull through humorous, memorable adult cartoons on television. He is also able to create a fun, vibrant culture for Red Bull employees, mostly comprised of young, like-minded individuals who Just graduated from undergraduate college.The company instills the notion of fun in all business activities, from flying out potential employees to Detroit for work raining to installing slides in their headquarters to make sure that employees get to the ir meetings In time and In style. Red Bull's strategy In entering the market Is to use word-of-mouth and consumers' recommendations.Rather than opting Immediately to have the brand sold In large supermarkets and retail chains, the company selected specific clubs, bars and stores to Introduce the drink, allowing the trendy, influential group of people to be the first ones to sample the product, and oping that they would endorse the drink and tell everyone else in their network about Red Bull.The exclusiveness of the product intrigued general consumers and as a result they began trying Red Bull drink. Currently the company is continuing to grow in their sales and solidify their brand as the number one energy drink in the world. However, other companies have emerged and entered the energy drink market with their own unique products, and as a result the gap between.

Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay

Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay FirstName LastName Class Period In the story Things Fall Apart, many things escalate to just falling apart. Okonkwo’s a wealthy, great, and respected warrior of the Umuofia clan. As you can infer, he’s the main character. Many things escalate in downward negative way for Okonkwo throughout the whole story. Furthermore, Europeans comes along and destroys their communities. The Europeans destroyed more than their communities, they destroyed their customs. Finally, when the white Europeans come along and they change the Nigerians customs and make them try to live like a European. Okonkwo was a well-respected and great warrior of the Umuofia clan. The clan belong to the Nigerian tribe witch was connected to nine other villages. Growing up, Okonkwo was ashamed of the reputation his father left behind for him. Okonkwo’s father was more of a leader for the Nigerian tribe. Unoka, the father of Okonkwo lead some of the villages into poverty. He left half the villages into debt with each other. He , himself was cowardly and spendthrift. Okonkwo obviously did not want to follow his father footsteps; but he has many assumptions throughout the story that his son will end up a failure like his father. The "things" that fall apart in the book are really the Ibo way of life, and Okonkwo's life as he knows it. He, himself built a self-made man who would be taken responsible to lead the tribe. Okonkwo’s commits an error that causes another clansman to get wounded; this leads into suspension of his motherland for 7 years. By this point Okonkwo’s life is falling apart in matter of seconds. The way of Ibo cultures and values also fall apart due to Christianity missionaries coming to their village. More importantly, while the missionaries were there they convinced many people who caused them into questioning their belief and faith. Due to questioning to their belief the Ibo tribe fell apart. The significant steps that cause Okonkwo life to fall apart are very straightforward. Okonkwo’s beats his wife during the week of peace, which nobody is allowed to display any act of violence. Moving on, Ikemefuna, the boy he takes care of, is sentence to death. Okonkwo is punishe d by killing his ideal son, Ikemefuna. Okonkwo kills a clansman at the funeral due to a gun malfunction. Christian missionaries come to his tribe and persuade his people to questioned their beliefs and culture. The Christian missionaries impact the son of Okonkwo, Nwoye, causing him to

Free Essays on Macbeth And Ambition

In the play â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, we see many common themes that emerge. One of the major themes is ambition, which in the end eventually leads to death. Ambition finds its most powerful expression in the play’s two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The ambition of these main characters leads to greed, insanity, and there own death. Macbeth is a courageous Scottish general who is not naturally inclined to commit evil deeds, yet he deeply desires power and advancement. There are three main factors that contribute greatly to Macbeth’s ambition and then insanity, the prophecy’s told to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth influencing and manipulating Macbeth’s judgment, and Macbeth’s own ambition and greed to become king. Macbeth’s character degenerates from a noble man at the beginning of the play to a violent individual at the end. With his wife’s cajoling, and the three witches’ foretelling of his future, Macbeth will stop at nothing to gain position as Kind of Scotland. The three witches and their prophecy’s are the first major influences on Macbeth’s actions. Macbeth, Thane of Glamis is content with his position, until the three witches tell him he will be Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland. â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† (Act 1.3, 48-50). After hearing this from the witches’, Macbeth and Banquo, his loyal friend, find out that King Duncan has named Macbeth â€Å"Thane of Cawdor†. They then contemplate about how the rest of the prophecy will come true. The witches also advise them that Banquo’s son would be King one day. â€Å"Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none. / So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo!† (Act 1.3, 67-68). As a result of the prophecies, this aroused Macbeth’s curiosity of how he could be King of Scotland. As the play progresses,... Free Essays on Macbeth And Ambition Free Essays on Macbeth And Ambition In the play â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, we see many common themes that emerge. One of the major themes is ambition, which in the end eventually leads to death. Ambition finds its most powerful expression in the play’s two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The ambition of these main characters leads to greed, insanity, and there own death. Macbeth is a courageous Scottish general who is not naturally inclined to commit evil deeds, yet he deeply desires power and advancement. There are three main factors that contribute greatly to Macbeth’s ambition and then insanity, the prophecy’s told to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth influencing and manipulating Macbeth’s judgment, and Macbeth’s own ambition and greed to become king. Macbeth’s character degenerates from a noble man at the beginning of the play to a violent individual at the end. With his wife’s cajoling, and the three witches’ foretelling of his future, Macbeth will stop at nothing to gain position as Kind of Scotland. The three witches and their prophecy’s are the first major influences on Macbeth’s actions. Macbeth, Thane of Glamis is content with his position, until the three witches tell him he will be Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland. â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† (Act 1.3, 48-50). After hearing this from the witches’, Macbeth and Banquo, his loyal friend, find out that King Duncan has named Macbeth â€Å"Thane of Cawdor†. They then contemplate about how the rest of the prophecy will come true. The witches also advise them that Banquo’s son would be King one day. â€Å"Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none. / So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo!† (Act 1.3, 67-68). As a result of the prophecies, this aroused Macbeth’s curiosity of how he could be King of Scotland. As the play progresses,...

Comparing between the article and the theory Essay

Comparing between the article and the theory - Essay Example These countries include US, Denmark, Canada, Finland, Norway, Russia, Iceland and Sweden (Tromso par. 1). The Arctic region is rich with natural gases and oils. The countries in the Artic Council have cooperated in missions, which would be costly for nations to embark on their own (Tromso par. 6). Such missions include joint search and rescue missions, and scientific researches. This situation is described in the Realism topic from the article on the ‘Theoretical Foundations on Global Governance’. According to the article, realists are entities, which act in a unitary manner to pursue their national interest. The various countries interested in the Arctic region can be termed as realists, since they have come together to form a union and a collaboration that will enrich their individual states. Tromso’s article talks of other countries such as Singapore, Italy, Japan, India and China that want to hold crucial positions in the Arctic Council. Singapore especially has applied for a position as a permanent observer, yet it is situated at the Equator (Tromso par. 1). Additionally, fears are that the economic progress at Artic could result to an oil spill, which could pollute the Artic environment for years. This situation is comparable to the topic on collective or public goods theory from the article on the ‘Theoretical foundations of global governance’. The collective or public goods theory is effectively described by the ‘tragedy of the commons’ by Garrett Hardin who talks of a faction of herders who share a common grazing area. The desire by the herders to increase their livestock led to depletion of the grass and eventually they all lost in the end. Conclusively, Tromso quotes some book titles such as ‘Scramble for the Artic’ and talks of the boundary conflicts between Canada and America over Beaufort Sea (Tromso par

Scale-Free Brain-Wave Music from Simultaneously EEG and fMRI Research Paper - 1

Scale-Free Brain-Wave Music from Simultaneously EEG and fMRI Recordings - Research Paper Example The scientists conducted the study for the propose of improving the few methods that had been developed to translate human EEG to music by developing a new method of translating both brain EEG and FMRI signals to music for a better reflection of the internal functioning activities of the brain (Lu, Wu, Yang, Luo, Li & Yao, 2012). In this method, there was recording of the simultaneous EEG-FMRI. The subjects were a thirty year old female (subject A) and a fourteen year old female (subject B). The scanning took place when the two subjects were in a resting state (Lu, Wu, Yang, Luo, Li & Yao 2012). In the part of composing music, there was referencing of the EEG records to zero with software known as REST developed in the laboratory. They choose the EEG for the purpose of brainwave music, which is at the central region of the brain and is a channel that the body movement does not affect (Lu, et al. 2012). This is the second method of the study. Music note consists of four characters, timber, duration, pitch and intensity. There was more attention to pitch and intensity (Lu, et al. 2012). In this part, wood was fixed together with piano, and the results were that it changed according to the persons hobbies at the same time as the EEG wave determined the duration. The recording of the EEG-FMRI brain music involved the following; The intensity of a music note (IM) is relative to the logarithm of the AP which changes according to the Fechner’s law MI=klgAP+1. In this equation, K and 1 are constant. MI is partly related with pitch since both of them are defined by something related to the amplitude of EEG (Lu, et al. 2012). Intensity of the music was represented by adoption of the FMRI signal instead of the AP. The figure below shows the mapping rules used between the attributes of a music note and brain physiological signals. The FMRI reflects signal to the BOLD signal. On the other hand, the EEG