Comparative studies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Comparative studies - Coursework Example This was also experienced on the Western art like Egypt art, Greece art and Rome art that had significant influence on the eastern art (Sullivan, 1989). Ancient painting was generally for utilitarian purpose for a long period then followed by imperial purpose, private purpose, civic and then for religious patronage. The pre-historic painting was done using the black pigment and the red ochre. The painting was done to show animals like lions, mammoth, horses, leopards or even human during the hunting process. Ancient men believed that painting animals would â€Å"catch† their spirit or soul and make the hunting process more easily. Ancient painting was also done basically to represent human basic need of expression or a vision (Warhol and Dillenberger, 2001). In addition, the painting was also a way of transmitting a practical idea or information. The ancient painting is very important because it led to the development of the modern art. Henri Matisse among other revolutionized the Paris art with expressive, landscapes and images that the critics know as Fauvism in the beginning of the 20th century. The work of painters like S eurat and others was very much essential for the development of the modern art. Unlike the ancient painting that did not have much to show in terms of color, the modern painting has freedom of expression with color and majorly was used to express liberation, slave trade and World War 1 and 2. The Western art was full of critics of racism while the Eastern art on the other hand had much to show in terms of culture and tradition. Eastern art like Chinese art was able to show much of their culture in color while the Western art was full of more appealing critics like black slaves working on mining fields and flower farms. Song is a combination of voice/voices that is achieved through singing. In most case, a song is always supported by musical instrument to perform the required tune as in the case of vocal songs

Resume Revision Essay Example for Free

Resume Revision Essay FINANCIAL ANALYST Goal-oriented, Financial / Business Analyst with experience in Residential and Commercial Lending. Quickly learns new tasks and adapts to a changing environment. Solid leadership skills, pursuing a career with a well-established company in the commercial lending industry. Earned a solid reputation for being diligent, hard-working, and detail-oriented. Excellent verbal and written communication skills; solid command of the English language. Demonstrates in-depth knowledge of banking systems and providing clientele with business expertise in specialized loan application processing, booking, and servicing systems. Functional Areas of Expertise Personal Assets Records Document Management Credit Analysis Contract Administration Financial Revenue Residential Mortgages Real Estate Financial Analysis Report Management Loan Processing Commercial Lending Office Management Customer Service Excellence   Highly Organized Detail-Oriented Efficient / Creative Hard Working / Reliable Self-Motivated Team Player / Positive Attitude Results Oriented Excellent Time Management Skills Excellent Communication Skills Crisis/Problem Resolution Skills Excellent Interpersonal Skills Fluent in English Spanish PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Bank of America, Waltham, MA 2006-Present Collateral Loan Administrator II / Booking Coordinator Conducts credit and financial analysis and prepares summaries to determine credit-worthiness for commercial loan customers. Reviews loan documentation and determines if loan transactions are ready for AFS processing. Effectively resolves issues arising from the loan packages and ensures all transactions are prepared for funding. Expedite any loan disbursements and advances such as wire transfers, debits or credits to DDA accounts. Process check requisitions for recording fees. Accurately files Collateral Lien documentation including UCC’s, Mortgages or Deed of Trusts, Life Insurance Assignments, Vehicle Titles through Ilien submission of UCC-1. F. Forwards documents directly to the pertinent Registry of Deeds for recording. Implements exception tracking and standardization of collateral files, maintaining control of bank collateral. Inputs loans on the banks system of record, ACTION and AFS. Responsible for data accuracy and timely completion of the booking and the collateral process. Performs research and collaborates with line partners regarding loans. Maintains Real Estate, Letters of Credit, Business Banking and Commercial Banking deals. Leader Mortgage Company, Arlington, MA 2004-2006 Senior Loan Processor Reviewed and underwrote first and second mortgage loans approved by DU. Complied with Investor’s Underwriting Guidelines by assigning and signing off on conditions. Prepared 20 to 30 loans for closing from the company’s monthly pipeline adhering to company deadlines. Researched and gathered required information to process and complete loan files. Analyzed documents to ensure accuracy and compliance with existing underwriting guidelines. Continue†¦page 1 of 2 YENNIFERT ADRIANZA Page Two PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (Continued) Leader Mortgage Company, continued†¦ Prepared loan application packages, including Truth in Lending, Good Faith Estimate, and all necessary disclosures. Ordered and reviewed appraisals to ensure compliance with DU and Investor’s requirements. Conducted credit analysis and DU’s for loan applications. Citizens Mortgage Corporation, Woburn, MA 2003-2004 Assistant Loan Officer Identified and assisted prospective clients in the loan application process. Verified applications and approved loans utilizing Loan Soft in collaboration with clients during and face-to-face interviews. Prepared pre-approval letters and loan packages for qualified candidates for Residential Mortgages with products such as Soft-Second, FHA, MFHA, Conventional 30, 15, and 20 year Mortgages, Acorn, Aurora (Adjustable Mortgages), and all programs ruled by Fannie Mae Guidelines. Boston Federal Savings Bank, Burlington, MA 2001-2002 Investor Loan Specialist Maintained and serviced Investor Loans such as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and other outside Banks, and internal Home Loans. Performed excellent customer service and prepared monthly reconciliation of investor accounts. Trained new employees, and prepared daily reports required by Freddie Mac. State Street Bank, Boston, MA 2000 Loan Administrator Maintained collateral records for bank loans and performed system to system and cash reconciliation on a daily basis. Calculated clients’ monthly payments to match the custodian bank’s records and company records. EDUCATION BOSTON UNIVERSITY, Boston, MA Master of Science in Administrative Studies, 2004 Concentration: Financial Markets Institutions NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, Boston, MA Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration, 2001 Concentration: Finance COMPUTER PROFICIENCIES Microsoft Office†¢ Outlook Email †¢ ACTION †¢AFS †¢ Internet FDES †¢ BA Direct†¢ Ilien†¢ Calyx Point †¢ DU †¢ Empower Datalink †¢ Bankers Window†¢ Mortgage Links (for Fannie Mae Loans)†¢ Microsoft Project Midanet (for Freddie Mac Loans) †¢ AS 400 †¢ Project 2000

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Essay example -- Fertility Chemistry

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis In the United States, an estimated 2.3 million couples are considered infertile [Wekesser, 1996]. This creates a large need for infertility specialists and clinics specializing in fertility treatments. With the quickly advancing field of rep roductive services and the quest for creating better, healthier babies, a new service called Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is being offered in conjunction with In vitro fertilization. PGD is a procedure that combines In vitro fertilization and genetic screening. In vitro fertilization is a procedure that requires a large time commitment; the entire procedure lasts about four weeks. The woman receives daily injections for seven to twelve days to stimulate the release of her eggs. After she begins to ovulate, the eggs are retrieved by inserting a needle through her vaginal wall. The eggs are then fertilized in a petri dish. After fertilization, the resulting embryos are allowed to mature to the six or eight cell stage. Then with the use of micromanipulation, a technician extracts one cell from each embryo. Polymerase Chain Reaction is then used to produce multiple copies of the cell’s DNA. [Wekesser,1996] Scientists are then able to test for specific disorders once they know the location of the gene that causes the disorder and have developed a test for its presence [Jaroff,1996]. The healthy embryos are implanted or frozen for future use, and the unhealthy e mbryos are d iscarded [Kenen,1994]. This procedure is still being perfected and clinics that perform this procedure are scarce. According to Denise Grady [1995], in the United States there are only seven clinics that perform PGD. Development/History PGD was developed to increase the ... ...se In vitro f ertilization and PGD to eliminate people such as these. Everyone deserves the chance to live and experience all that our world has to offer—good and bad. Life is a beautiful experience References: Grady, Denise. Unnatural Selection. Vogue. October 1995. Holme, Howard. Choose Better Human Genes. Obtained from the WWW: HOLME Jaroff, Leon. Keys to the Kingdom. Time. Fall 1996. V148. N14. Kenen, Regina H. Pregnancy in the Genetic Age. The Network News. July-August 1994. V19. N4. Macer Darryl R.J. Shaping Genes: Ethics, Law and Science of Using New Genetic Technology in Medicine and Agriculture. Obtained from the WWW: MACER Maranto, Gina. Quest for Perfection: The Drive to Breed Better Human Beings. Simon and Schuster: New York, NY. 1996. Wekesser, Carol ed. Reproductive Technologies. Greenhaven Press, Inc: San Diego, CA. 1996.

Essay --

Similarities and Differences between Inferno and The Odyssey When reading the stories The Odyssey by Homer and Inferno by Dante Alighieri, it is obvious how diverse these two stories are. In The Odyssey, Ulysses is trying to reach his home, which he has not seen for twenty years. The theme for The Odyssey is one man, Ulysses’, need to go home. The Inferno theme shows the character Dante struggling with good and evil. The character, Dante, explores in depth the Christian idea of hell. It is through his experience in hell that he casts his faithfulness to God and good. When reading these two stories, many differences between them are plain when comparing characteristics, conventions, and the different religious experiences of the periods in which these stories were written. Characteristics in Homer’s, The Odyssey include a hero, Ulysses, heroic courage, a vast setting, and weird forces. In The Odyssey, the main character Ulysses is a war hero trying to travel home. He faces unbelievable trials during his return which include being cast on an island, battling Neptune and the seas, fighting suitors, and regaining his home from the suitors. The setting for his story involves his trip from the island and over the seas until he reaches his home country. Ulysses also goes into hell where he visits the ghosts, or shades, for guidance. During Ulysses’ journey, he is both helped and tested by weird powers of different gods and goddesses. In Dante’s Inferno, the hero of the story is Dante. Dante is a man who was banished from his home because of his beliefs and therefore, fights with the choice between good and evil. Dante’s bravery comes in the form of humanity; he faces the challenges that all mankind struggle with. He travels ... ...o, Dante being led by Virgil, a man whose work Dante admires. Dante wishes to learn from the sinners in hell, and to absorb much information from Virgil, while in hell. Virgil shows and explains to Dante about the sinners and the resurrection. Dante wrote, â€Å"remember now your science, /which says that when a thing has more perfection, /so much greater is its pain or pleasure† (Alighieri, 1992, Canto VI 6.106-6.108). Although Homer’s The Odyssey and Dante’s Inferno are very opposite in nature, both stories can be pleasant for an audience in today’s world. The Odyssey is a story about struggling against gods and showing courage through a hero’s actions. The story is written with fantastic verses that attract audiences, even in today’s world. Inferno was written with amazing vision into mankind’s fight among good and evil. That fight goes on even in today’s world.

Plato’s Philosophical Significance

Philosophy spans the reaches of the human mind in countless topics, but is often divided into three main branches: metaphysics, the study of the nature of existence; epistemology, the study of knowledge and truth; and ethics, the study of morals. One of the first philosophers to look at these fields is Plato (427BCE-347BCE), whose writings are incredibly influential. Plato’s work lays the fundament for philosophy because of his cohesive contributions to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics.Firstly, Plato’s work with Forms greatly influences metaphysics. He contributes the idea of the Forms which exist as â€Å"eternal and perfect ideals that exist in an unchanging, perfect heaven† (via Velasquez, 2002, p. 84). [2] The Forms contrast with worldly matter; this contrast leads to Plato’s next contribution to metaphysics, his concept of â€Å"Two Worlds. † Plato divides reality into the worlds of senses and forms, the latter of which he co nsiders to be true reality and where the soul resides.Finally, Plato’s description of the tripartite human soul greatly influences St. Augustine’s religious work on Christianity 800 years later. Therefore, Plato’s Forms helped shape metaphysics. Secondly, Plato’s Forms and myths built the foundation for epistemology. Plato argues that due to the soul's unchanging nature, the process of â€Å"learning† is the soul’s recollection of knowledge. He also provides two myths, both closely related to his metaphysical works.In the first, the Chariot Allegory, Plato describes a charioteer en route to heaven, in which there exists â€Å"true reality [the forms] with which real knowledge is concerned † (as cited by Velasquez, p. 84). The journey is impeded by an unruly horse that represents ignobility. The concept of the journey’s difficulty is mirrored, finally, in the Allegory of the Cave, which discusses ignorance and the escape thereof . Thus, Plato’s myths form the basis of epistemology. Finally, Plato’s work in ethics regarding justice is among the first and most influential.Firstly, he defines justice as the balance between the three parts of the tripartite soul. Thus, his justice theory states that justice in both the state and the individual is defined by â€Å"harmony between the various parts for the good of the whole† (Velasquez, 2002, p. 630). This justice theory shows cohesiveness with Plato’s tripartite theory of the soul. Finally, Plato associates justice with merit: individuals are treated proportionally to their talents and accomplishments. Hence, Plato's philosophies regarding justice form the starting point for the field of ethics.In conclusion, Plato’s writings act as a basis and connection for the three main branches of philosophy: metaphysics, through his Forms; epistemology, through his myths; and ethics, through his justice theory. His influence on philosophy and society is expansive and, as such, Plato is one of the most significant philosophers. That his ideas are still being taught to modern day shows the true nature of philosophy: to pose questions so profound that they cannot be answered 2500 years later.

How a Computer Virus Works essays

How a Computer Virus Works essays Anyone who has ever used a computer has more than likely run into some sort of problem. In some cases these problems are caused by what is known as a computer virus. When we hear the word virus, we usually think of some thing that makes us sick. If you have ever had a virus on your PC, you probably find the name virus quite appropriate. Believe it or not, a virus is just another type of software. They are what some call malicious software. Viruses are miniature programs that duplicate themselves and attach their replicas to other programs and documents. So where do viruses come from? Some people enjoy painting on paper and others enjoy painting on public and private structures. What does this have to do with computer viruses you ask? Just like graffiti is a destructive way for artists to show of their artistic talent, viruses are a destructive way for computer programmers to show of theirs. In order for a virus to take its malicious course, it first has to enter your computer. Because sharing of information is one of the many benefits of computers, this is easy. The entry of a virus into a PC is called the invasion. The virus is usually introduced through network adapter cards and disk drives. Viruses are usually disguised as e-mails or attachments. We download them from the internet (network adapter cards); they attach themselves to other programs and documents. We pass them to other PCs through hard disks, floppy disks, compact disks, Zip disks, and Jazz disks (disk drives). Even though the virus is in the computer, it does not begin its destruction until action is taken in the spot where the virus is located. Lets assume the virus is attached to an e-mail attachment. You would first have to open the attachment for the virus to become active. If the virus is on a floppy disk, simply accessing the drive is enough. Once this occurs the virus installs itself in the computers memory. ...

Sir Francis Drake essays

Sir Francis Drake essays Francis Drake was born sometime between 1540 and 1545 on a farm near Tavistock in Devon, a country in southwest England. Drake was born to his father Edmond who was a sailor and married woman of the Mylwaye whose first name was lost to history. Despite not knowing her name, we know that she had 12 children that survived through there infancy. Francis was the first born, or at least the first to survive. Francis was born during a time of a religious revolution. Led by the German monk Martin Luther, his new religious party the Protestant Reformation rebelled against the catholic churches. The churches back then were corrupted and granted penance for your sins at a price. Martin Luther saw this as wrong and placed flyers on the posting of their wrong doings and thus began the Protestant Reformation. Drake was a young man when his family was driven from their house in Devon when a mob a Catholics came and forced them out. After this incident he moved to Plymouth and married a woman there by the name of Mary Newman on July 4, 1569. With the blessing of Queen Elizabeth Francis Drake set out on his trip around the world in 1577, the journey that he is most remembered for. On his circumnavigation of the world Drake captured many of King Philips, cities and held them for ransom. During his occupation of these towns, he would have his crew dismember the town brick by brick and when he received the ransom he would burn the rest of the town down. His journey led him down south of Africa, and then to the north of Australia. From there, he traveled north up to the area of present-day Alaska, and then followed the coast down south of South America, and came back up across the Atlantic Ocean to England. After a 3-year voyage Francis Drake returned to England with a large sum of riches. Queen Elizabeth allowed Drake and his crew to each take 10,000. Surprisingly though, this wasnt even a min ...

Vaginitis essays

Vaginitis essays Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, irritation, and itching caused mainly by hormonal imbalance, infections, and irritants to the vaginal region. The cause of Vaginitis cannot be determined solely on the basis of symptoms or a physical examination. Hormonal imbalances include atrophic Vaginitis, which is usually found in postmenopausal women. Infections generally are caused by Bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis.1 Irritants are substances used that may agitate the vaginal region. Some vaginal infections are transmitted through sexual contact, but others such as yeast infections probably are not, depending on the cause. Bacterial vaginosis is most commonly found in women within childbearing years. This is often associated with sexual activity.2 The primary symptom of BV is an abnormal, odorous vaginal discharge; a fish-like odor that is noticeable especially after intercourse.2 A sample of vaginal fluids may be taken in order to determine this form of Vaginitis. Researchers have shown a connection between Bacterial vaginosis and PID. Metronidazole or Clindamycin are two commonly used antibiotics that treat Bacterial vaginosis. Gonorrhea and HIV are also two possible outcomes of Bacterial vaginosis.2 Trichomoniasis, sometimes referred to as "trich," is a common STD that affects 2 to 3 million Americans yearly.2 Trich is contracted through sexual intercourse. 3 Symptoms of Trichomoniasis are usually noticeable 4 to 20 days after exposure. Symptoms in women include a heavy, yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse, vaginal odor, and painful urination. Irritation and itching of the female genital area, and on rare occasions, lower abdominal pain also can be present. 3 Metronidazole is the drug used to treat people with trichomoniasis; since men and women both are affected by Trich, it is best for both partners t ...

Individual project 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual project 2 - Assignment Example In both cases, window-shopping is the order of the day. Customers move around as they select the products they think are best suitable for them (Garrett 2007). However, in the case of the store, the difference is that there is an attendant nearby who is ready to address to the needs of the customers. In the other hand, the web store as a section called live chat where the attendants can chat lively so that they can address the needs of the online shoppers. On the part of completing purchases, the customers are provided with the receipts upon successful payments. However, the store accepts various ways of affecting the payment process such as cash, cheque, credits cards, as well as mobile phone money transfers (Gronroos 2006). In the other hand, the web store has a little similarity as far as closing a purchase is concerned. In the first place, it also accepts credit cards and mobile phone money transfers just like the store. However, it does not accept cash, and cheque. The image portrayed in the brick and mortar store is building materials with different arrays of the blocks. However, there is also a small section of a Manson indicating how those bricks do look like when used to build a house. To an extent, it fits the segmentation strategy because they have managed to cater for the needs of different customers of different age groups as well as that belongs to different economic classes. Looking carefully, the online store is more successful as compared to the actual store. This is because it has already attracted large number of customers looking at daily sales on the web site. Furthermore, the display itself at the website is more appealing than the actual store. This is not to mention the fact that it is available to everybody irrespective of his/her location in this planet earth. All needed is the web address of the store where the customers can converge and view the products they are offering (Garrett 2007). Looking at the customers

Managerial Economics Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Economics Master - Essay Example The current account contains the import and export items of goods and services as well as transfer payments including net investment income. Deficit in current account is often regarded as problematic. The existence of current account deficit often signifies negative perception in the attractiveness of a country's commodities and investment instruments. However, it is also important to look at the causes of the current account deficit being experienced by US. The current account deficit being experienced by the United States can be attributed to the "expansion of the fiscal deficit, decline in private saving rate, productivity growth, slump in foreign domestic demand, and improvements in global financial intermediation" (Ferguson). The current account is also largely attributed to the appreciation of the US dollar relative to other currencies. The attractiveness of dollar in the global market dampened the demand for US commodities which highly discourages the exports of US commodities. In contrast, imports appear cheap to US residents. The International Monetary Fund expressed that the current account deficit in the US is not a current problem.

LM2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LM2 - Assignment Example On the other hand, distress causes results from negative pressure on an individual. As described in the chapter, striking a balance involves operating under medium levels of stress so that one can prove maximally efficient. There are many causes of stress and acknowledging these will help an individual find ways of coping. Stress may result from interpersonal relationships with others (102). A manager should strive to maintain healthy relationships with employees to avoid interpersonal wrangles. This will require a level of emotional regulation and change of attitude for ‘â€Å"healthy attitudes† helped people to increase their tolerance for stress (109). Healthy social interaction encompasses the effort of all individuals involved. The manager should also ensure that the working environment and conditions foster good working relationships. Good relationships with workers can help a manager receive worthwhile social support, which in turn acts as a good remedy for any fo rm of stress. Attitude adjustment is a leading way to cope with different levels of stress. Attitude change in times of eustress can present an opportunity for a manager to develop resilience. Designing a good time plan can help a manager stay in good control of his time. ... All the entire processes of an organization from recruiting and training should help minimize any sources of stress within the organization. In addition to the above, a manager should strive to take charge of his life as one way of minimizing stress. Understanding the self and making the right decisions can help an individual to stay in good control of things and reduce stress. Moreover, taking good care of the self through a healthy lifestyle will keep one rejuvenated and ready tolerate any stress that comes his way. This is because the writer asserts that ‘lifestyle decisions play a significant role in influencing our physical health and well- being as well as our ability to cope successfully with the demands, challenges, and stresses of our work’ (107). Reaching out to people especially, friends, and family can help an individual stay in good shape enabling him or her to cope with stress. Preparedness will also keep a manager ready to handle anything that comes his wa y. Moreover, a manager should act proactively all the time in order to prevent occurrence of stress. According to Vroom & Yetton what are the five levels of participation in decision-making? Place an asterisk at the beginning of the one that is considered the fastest and put a number sign (#) next to the one that is considered the slowest in time to complete. As Vroom and Yetton described, managers may opt for any of the five levels of decision-making. The most critical question to address before settling on the best level is ‘are the decisions that we are making representative of the demographics of stake-holders?’ (142). Depending on the process involved in the option chosen, decision-making may take some

Is Money Neutral Contrast the view regarding the neutrality of money Essay

Is Money Neutral Contrast the view regarding the neutrality of money between Real Business Cycle theory and New Keynesian Theor - Essay Example This is an important question to ask, as it affects the way, the government chooses to govern the economy and the ways to control it. The two schools of thought, the New Keynesian Theory and the Real Business Cycle Theory, debate the answer to this question (Mankiw, pp. 181-220, 2003). Both of these theories have a unique perspective to offer on the answer, and since each raises valid arguments, neither has yet been discredited for the other. The theory of money neutrality maintains that the effect of money does not affect real, inflation-adjusted factors like employment; real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and ‘real’ consumption (real because they have are all adjusted for inflation). This is because this theory considers the force of money as an inflationary one, with no large implications for the economy in terms of the macroeconomic factors. However, the theory does acknowledge the impact money has on nominal variables, such as price and wages, and even exchange rate o f the country’s currency (Wickens, pp. 199, 2009). These factors bound to gain influence from the money rate of interest, as they have a direct link to money and its circulation in the economy. The two schools of thought that debates on the neutrality of money have opposite views about how far-reaching the effect of money can be in an economy. The classical model states that money is neutral in both the short run as well as the long run. This means that this model considers money to be a neutral force, one that does not affect macro factors such as GDP or employment in the economy. Whereas, the Keynesian school of thought states that a force as strong as money does have its impact on the economy in the end. It believes that monetary policy does have a strong impact on the real economy, if one waits enough time before observing the changes. Each of these schools believes that this effect is visible within the short run for a short period of time, which is a factor on which the y both see eye to eye, but for different reasons. For the long term however, they both offer opposing views (Wickens, pp. 199, 2009). The classical model presents the view that monetary policy cannot affect the real economy and its macro factors, neither in the short run, nor in the long-run (Gali, pp 50-79, 2008). It states that nominal shocks, which are changes in the money supply and money demand, do not have any effect on the business cycle. This monetary policy is one of the tools that a government uses to control the economy, which it does by manipulating the money supply and circulation. According to the theory, when ‘money supply’ changes, it affects price proportionately. However, there is no effect on the real variables in the economy, such as the real interest rate or the unemployment level in the economy. As mentioned above, the classical school does also believe that the money supply affects the real factors for a short period. However, it believes that ver y soon, the price level adjusts to this change in money supply, thus making it ineffective to any real factors in the economy. This is apparent in the diagram below, which shows how the equilibrium reverts to normal after a temporary price shock (Abel and Bernanke, pp. 2005). In other words, it believes that the non-neutrality of money is short-lived, persisting over a period of insignificant length. Thus,

Final Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Exam Questions - Essay Example Congress, were convened to stop the Coercive Acts. Though, the contemporary Congress still performs this duty, it has failed the American people in passing certain laws that are supposed to improve the quality of life of Americans. This is the case of the health care reform debate. Congress, in the view of many Americans, plays politics with the health care reform proposal without putting the interest of Americans in mind. Second, the founding fathers felt that a bond should exist between the people and their representatives. This is to ensure that representatives present the local concerns of their constituency at the national level for solution. Many Americans believe their representatives do not actually represent them but rather represent special interests. The debate on health care reform substantiates this point. Third, the contemporary members of Congress earn much more than the median American income. For instance, non-officer members of Congress earned $169,300 annually whil e the yearly income of most Americans is $45,113 for men and $35,102 for women (Steven et al., 2006). This seems out of place in the opinion of many Americans, given that congresspersons were supposed to represent the people. Fourth, the fact that Congress concealed their pay raise by slipping them into a large bill makes many Americans to distrust them (Steven et al., 2006).

Is Money Neutral Contrast the view regarding the neutrality of money Essay

Is Money Neutral Contrast the view regarding the neutrality of money between Real Business Cycle theory and New Keynesian Theor - Essay Example This is an important question to ask, as it affects the way, the government chooses to govern the economy and the ways to control it. The two schools of thought, the New Keynesian Theory and the Real Business Cycle Theory, debate the answer to this question (Mankiw, pp. 181-220, 2003). Both of these theories have a unique perspective to offer on the answer, and since each raises valid arguments, neither has yet been discredited for the other. The theory of money neutrality maintains that the effect of money does not affect real, inflation-adjusted factors like employment; real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and ‘real’ consumption (real because they have are all adjusted for inflation). This is because this theory considers the force of money as an inflationary one, with no large implications for the economy in terms of the macroeconomic factors. However, the theory does acknowledge the impact money has on nominal variables, such as price and wages, and even exchange rate o f the country’s currency (Wickens, pp. 199, 2009). These factors bound to gain influence from the money rate of interest, as they have a direct link to money and its circulation in the economy. The two schools of thought that debates on the neutrality of money have opposite views about how far-reaching the effect of money can be in an economy. The classical model states that money is neutral in both the short run as well as the long run. This means that this model considers money to be a neutral force, one that does not affect macro factors such as GDP or employment in the economy. Whereas, the Keynesian school of thought states that a force as strong as money does have its impact on the economy in the end. It believes that monetary policy does have a strong impact on the real economy, if one waits enough time before observing the changes. Each of these schools believes that this effect is visible within the short run for a short period of time, which is a factor on which the y both see eye to eye, but for different reasons. For the long term however, they both offer opposing views (Wickens, pp. 199, 2009). The classical model presents the view that monetary policy cannot affect the real economy and its macro factors, neither in the short run, nor in the long-run (Gali, pp 50-79, 2008). It states that nominal shocks, which are changes in the money supply and money demand, do not have any effect on the business cycle. This monetary policy is one of the tools that a government uses to control the economy, which it does by manipulating the money supply and circulation. According to the theory, when ‘money supply’ changes, it affects price proportionately. However, there is no effect on the real variables in the economy, such as the real interest rate or the unemployment level in the economy. As mentioned above, the classical school does also believe that the money supply affects the real factors for a short period. However, it believes that ver y soon, the price level adjusts to this change in money supply, thus making it ineffective to any real factors in the economy. This is apparent in the diagram below, which shows how the equilibrium reverts to normal after a temporary price shock (Abel and Bernanke, pp. 2005). In other words, it believes that the non-neutrality of money is short-lived, persisting over a period of insignificant length. Thus,

Delta air lines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Delta air lines - Case Study Example Three of the most important factors are innovation, quality and inventory reduction. Core values include: safety, high service quality and customer wants and needs. In order to improve logistics, the company is aimed to concentrate on doing business with other carriers which allow it to involve larger orders. Goals and objectives are aimed to improve its current position on the market and increase profitability. A continuum of resource sustainability is to compose resources and capabilities characterized by their durability and imitability. Financial goal is to increase sales and liquidity of business. The policy of safety adopted by airlines will be the main strategic criteria over the next years (Delta Airline News, 2006; Dove-Morse, 2004). Control of interest rates influences the extent of consumer credit and hence the size of an individual's budget, as will levels of taxation. During periods of high inflation the government should well introduce measures to control prices on flights. The main factor is that airline industry operates on the international arena and a major influence on price is the currency exchange rate which fluctuates according to the state of the economy. Increasing tariffs and quotas force carriers to find new ways to reduce transportation costs which lowing quality of their service. With profit margins collapsing, competitors are struggling to adjust. Unemployment rate is high in airline industry: approximately 7,4%. During the period of recession unemployment rate was doubled reducing buying capacity of potential market (Delta Air Lines.2006). Technological forces generate problem-solving inventions. Airline target is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. Improvements in cargo ships and handling equipment, increasing containerization, applications of IT to scheduling and controlling shipments and to customs procedures, new plains, and a host of other technological advances and innovations have reduced the costs of services and information. On the other hand, airline technology cost is one of the highest among other industries. The culture and structure of Apple develop over time and in response to a complex set of factors. Today, customer service in airlines relies on reputation and trustworthiness and this no less true in the new forms of system-service. In fields such as package delivery and money management, consumers are seeking indications that their risks will be minimised or eliminated. For these kinds of consumer acts, customer service plays an essential role in assuaging the fears of consumers by projecting an image of trustworthiness and expertise. Delta Airlines has competitors, but they do not have a great influence on the company's revenue. The presence of substitute services like trains, ships or automobiles transportation can lower service attractiveness and profitability as well as the price levels. The events of 11/09 and recent crashes of Boeing planes occurred these years reduce the attractiveness of airline industry. "The company has lost some $6.1 billion since the start of 2001 from its airline operations, according to First Call, which tracks corporate earnings"(Isidore, 2005). Many potential passengers prefer to use alternative transport even if it takes more time to get to the place of destination. In this case, the bargaining power of customers is crucial. In spite of the fact that

American Express Essay Example for Free

American Express Essay Bonnie Wittenburg, the plaintiff in this case filed an age discrimination lawsuit against American Express Financial Advisors, Inc. ’s (AEFA). AEFA filed a motion for summary judgment, the district court granted and the United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit affirmed. Wittenburg started working at AEFA Equity Investment Department (EID) in November 1998 at the age of 46 (Walsh, 2011). According to the portfolio managers, Wittenburg provided outstanding service and displayed excellent investment skills and in 2000, she was name Analyst of the Year (Walsh, 2011). In 2001, AEFA hired a new Chief Investment Officer (CIO) and 2002 the CIO initiated a redesign of EID. The project would take approximately two years; add an additional three portfolio managers, a new satellite office and the merger or movement of certain funds to AEFA’s satellite office (Walsh, 2011). During a discussion regarding new hires, the CIO stated he was not averse to hiring younger managers or analysts to grow with the company (Walsh, 2011). The new design plan would include a reduction in force (RIF) which according to the CIO was necessary. The first RIF terminated Al Henderson, age 62. Henderson made a comment that Dan Rivera told him that AEFA fired him because the company wanted to retain the younger employees (Walsh, 2011). The second RIF eliminated three analyst positions but primarily focused on portfolio managers. During the second RIF, a team of managers reviewed about 25 people in the department giving each a rating of keep, maybe keep, maybe, maybe drop or drop (Walsh, 2011). They used the ratings to educate leaders about the individuals in the department and in late 2002 held a meeting to discuss employee ratings. Wittenburg received a low rating because of poor performance and negative input provided by portfolio managers but continued in her current position during the second RIF. Wittenburg along with two other analysts were terminated when the third RIF occurred; Wittenburg was 51 and the other two were 41 and 36. Wittenburg applied for a portfolio manager, she did not get the position and sued AEFA claiming Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (Walsh, 2011). Wittenburg’s defense would rely on statements from co-workers such as â€Å"those that were younger† â€Å"not averse to hiring younger portfolio managers† and notes that indicated the analyst department would maybe add a junior person. In making a decision, the court will consider if the statements were made by decision makers or by someone who may influence the decision to terminate the plaintiff, the gap between statements and the date of termination, and if the statement itself was discriminatory or merely an opinion. The CIO’s comment regarding the company’s willingness to hire younger workers was a general comment. The statement was not discriminatory nor did it establish that age was the basis for Wittenburg’s termination over a year ago. The reference to adding a junior person did not show discriminatory intent and Wittenburg did not prove the employee equated junior person to a younger person or how such a notation related to her termination. Wittenburg admitted that Rivera was not a decision maker in the 2003 RIF and his statement made to Henderson did not relate to her termination. The court decided that these comments did not establish a pretext based on AEFA’s nondiscriminatory purpose given for her termination. A total of 31 analyst were affected by the 2002 and 2003 RIF, 17 of the analyst were 40 years old or older and of the 17, six were terminated, four resigned and seven retained their jobs (Walsh, 2011). In addition, there were four terminated, two resigned, two transferred and six retained their positions of the 14 analysts who were not in the protected class (Walsh, 2011). There were two members, ages 41 and 46, of the protected class who ranked first and second during the 2002 analyst ratings and the two analyst terminated in 2003 were both younger than Wittenburg, one was 41 and the other 36 (Walsh, 2011). Another analyst in the protected class whose age was the same as Wittenburg survived the 2003 RIF. Wittenburg’s accusation that scores were manipulated to retain younger employees during the 2002 RIF by ranking them in the â€Å"keep† category even though their scores were low was actually a moot point as she survived the 2002 RIF even though her score was low putting her in the maybe keep category. AEFA stated they needed only one Technology Sector analyst and then redistributed the workload amongst other employees, Wittenburg argues that pretext was shown however, as stated by the court, â€Å"employers often distribute a discharged employee’s duties to other employees performing related work for legitimate reasons† (Walsh, 2011). As far as the two vacancies, those were among the 10 analysts who had survived the RIF, they were not new positions (Walsh, 2011). The decision to downsize and redesign the Equity Investment Department was for the betterment of the company. Wittenburg’s argument that AEFA only relied on her 2002 performance review in making their decision to terminate does not help her case. The court noted there is nothing discriminatory in an employer choosing to rely on recent performance data in deciding which employees to RIF (Walsh, 2011). American Express had not been doing very well and the CIO explained analyst’s performance evaluations on an annual basis are important because consumers look at one-year performance and make decisions (Walsh, 2011).

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation. Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro Initiation 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation.

when sports were just games :: essays research papers

When Sports were just Games   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grew up in front of the T.V. watching bone-crunching hits and massive home runs in old Cleveland Municipal Stadium. I saw the last game the Browns played there and I started bawling like a blubbering idiot when they left the field. Back then sports were much more simple. The games were played for fun. There were no high-school kids bringing down the quality of NBA games, There weren’t any greedy me-first 19 year olds trying to sue their way into the NFL. Nor were there any teams spending 190 million dollars to buy a World Series like the Yankees. But when the 1995 NFL season ended I was finally introduced to the most horrid part of sports... economics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Economics ruined my favorite game and economics had taken away my favorite team. The Browns weren’t just my team, they were Cleveland’s team. They were taken from us because Art Modell couldn’t force the taxpayers to build him a stadium. He had enough money to help Cleveland build a football stadium we could be proud of, but he’d rather make money. Never mind the rich tradition of football we have in Cleveland. Never mind the fact that we were a playoff team the year before. The new stadium was going to cost him money. That’s when I realized that allegiances and loyalty don’t matter to owners or players. The only thing that matters to guys like Modell is the almighty dollar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Football is not the only sports that has been ruined by recent economic changes. Baseball has had its own struggles with economics. It starts with the large gaps between large and small market teams. While some small market teams like the Florida Marlins, Oakland A’s and the Kansas City Royals have been able to perform well, most like the Devil Rays and Pirates stink. The most telling statistic that shows this gap is that the Yankees have a 190 million dollar payroll. That is a full 40 million above the team in second. The team with the lowest payroll is the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at 20 million dollars. That is a full 5.2 million dollars less than Alex Rodriguez! One player makes more than 25 players! It is also $170 million dollars lower than the Yankees. So what does baseball’s Commissioner, Bud Selig, do about this problem? He doesn’t propose some sort of salary cap like the NFL, he says that the MLB needs contraction.

Heroes and Cowards in A Farewell To Arms, by Ernest Hemingway :: A Farewell To Arms

   War creates only two types of men: heroes and cowards.   In the book, A Farewell To Arms by Ernest Hemingway, Mr. Frederic Henry was an American Lieutenant ambulance driver in the Italian Army. "The army was staying in Gorizia, a little town that had been captured by the Italian army" (5). The town looked across a river and the plains to the mountains. There was fighting going on in those mountains, only a mile away. One evening when Frederic came in the house after doing some work on his ambulance, his friend Rinaldi took him to a hospital to meet a nurse who was a friend of Rinaldi's. Frederic thought that Miss Barkley was very pretty and good looking. Frederic started seeing Miss Catherine Barkley on a regular basis. "Frederic got orders to take two ambulances and three other drivers and go to the war front, up the river in Plava" (54). They were to pick up as many of the wounded as they could and deliver them to the hospitals where their papers said to take them. When he got up to Plava late in the evening, Frederic found out that there was a plan for a military strike that night. They were ordered to stay there and wait for the strike to take place before they left, so they wouldn't get hit by the bombardment. All of the drivers were to stay in a dugout in the riverbank while the strike was going on. There was all kinds of gun fire and bomb shells being shot back and forth. "The drivers were all in the dugout eating noodles and cheese while drinking wine" (55), when a bomb shell hit the dugout, killing one of the drivers and wounding Mr. Henry as well as one of the other drivers. Frederic was hit in the legs by the objects that were in the bomb, one of his knees was blown down around his shin. One of the drivers took him to the medical tents to get bandages put on his legs until they could get him back to a hospital. "The army sent Frederic to an American hospital in Milan" (77). This hospital had just been built and they needed nurses there. The hospital in Gorizia transferred Miss Barkley to the hospital in Milan. She was one of the nurses looking after Frederic while he was in the hospital.

New Look Jacket Inc.: Variance Analysis Essay

New Look Jacket Inc. (NLJ) specializes in the production of Nylon Jackets and Leather Jackets. The company delivers successful financial records at the end of the 2012 fiscal year with the net income of $ 417,100, which is $170,850 greater than the net income budgeted for the 2012 fiscal year despite that the company operations goes through some turmoil. A more detail variance shows that the external factor largely responsible for the growth of leather markets that rapidly increase than anticipated making NLJ to catch with the increase in market demand. Variance Analysis Contribution Margin Based on the figure in Exhibit 1, the total amount of contribution margin for the Nylon jackets is $4,350 less than the budget. Although, the actual unit of contribution margin is $0.15 greater than the standard due to the lower admin cost and selling per unit. However, the Leather jackets’ total contribution margin is $325,200 higher than the budget. The actual unit for contribution margin is $12.70 less than the standard because of the higher variables in all the business categories. Sale Variances Analysis of sale variance reveals that New Look Jackets record 110,000 actual sale volumes greater that sale volume of 100,000 budgeted for the fiscal year. The favorable variance of 10,000 makes the company to record the increase in the sales revenue for the actual budget. The company recorded $5,747,500 as actual revenue compared to $4,075,000 budgeted as sale revenue making the company to record the favorable variance of $1,672,500 in revenue. Despite the favorable sale variance that the company records, it is only the Leather Jacket that records favorable variance because the budgeted sale volume is 5,000 units and the actual sale volume is 16,500 units making the company to record a favorable variance of 11,500 in the sale volume. However, the variance for the sales of Nylon jacket is unfavorable with the budget of 95,000 units for the sale volume and the actual budget recorded are 93,500 units making the company to record the unfavorable variance of 1,700 units in sales. Thus, the sales mix variance is favorable for the Leather jackets, however, unfavorable for the Nylon jacket. The company recorded unexpectedly high in the market of Leather Jacket in 2012 generating favorable mix market for the company. The direct material price is not favorable for the New Look Leather jackets showing that the company spends more in purchasing of direct materials than the price actually budgeted for Leather jackets. The major reason is that the company did not have enough material in stock to produce the quantity of leather jacket demanded. Due to the abnormal increase in demand for the Leather jacket, the company had to make a rush order for the Leather jacket material which consequently led to the increase in the price of direct materials. 2. Budget projections for Sales, Direct material, Direct labor, Variable costs and Fixed Cost. The paper prepares a new budget for the New Look Jacket based on the on the company past financial performances and the economic outlook for the 2012 fiscal year. The results of the variance analysis between the 2012 budget and the actual budget at the end 2012 fiscal year is also used to prepare  the new budget. Assumptions The paper prepares the new budget based on the following assumptions: The increase in inflation will not be more than 5% and increase in inflation is assumed to affect the projected fixed costs of operations. The sale volume of Leather jacket is assumed to reach 30,000 units. Essentially, the company did not prepare for the increase in the demand for the Leather jacket in the preceding year, and it is assumed a new trend in fashion will affect the demand for the Leather jackets, which will lead to an increase in the demand for the Leather jackets. The other assumption is that the US economy will not experience a recession that may affect the total demand. Moreover, the income tax will remain the same because the increase in income tax is likely to decline the total demand. Budget Projections The data in the new budget reveals that the company will realize the total sales volume of 123,500 units in both the Nylon Jacket and Leather jacket. However, it is projected that the demand for the Leather jacket will reach 30,000 units making the company to record the revenue of $4.5 Million in the Leather jacket. The increase in the demand for the Leather jacket will make the company to realize the revenue of more than $7.77 Million. (See Appendix 1 reveals the new budget and Appendix 2 reveals the costs of direct materials and direct labor). Despite the increase in the company total revenue, the company will incur an increase in the cost of direct material and direct labor due to a projected increase in the total demand for the Leather jacket. Moreover, the total fixed costs are projected to increase to $1.5 Million due to 5% increase in inflation. Despite the increase in the total costs, the company is projected to record a net income of $518,419. Reference Foster, H. & Teall, D. G (2012). Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, (5th Canadian Edition). Canada, (CMA Online Library).

Tata Nano

PREFACE This is a research proposal on a study on launch of new cheapest car in the world by TATA Company name â€Å"TATA NANO†. The objective of this research proposal is to find out an opportunity or a problem in the launch of the smallest /cheapest car targeting masses through secondary information / data. Also to gain knowledge about how TATA brought this new product i. e. , â€Å"NANO† up to the development stage and finally going to launch it on 23rd March, 2008 (already launched till now). During this project I researched on how TATA developed NANO costing Rupees1 lakh ($ 2500 U. S) and what will be its effects. A survey was also done for understanding consumer buying pattern and preferences (which is a part of secondary data). Thus, this study is based on new product development in marketing for TATA NANO. â€Å"Marketing Research is the systematic and objective identification, collection, analysis, dissemination, and use of information for the purpose of improving decision making related to identification and solution of problems and opportunity†. â€Å"Perception is the process, by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world around as†. I conducted to gain an understanding of what goes in to mind of the customer about â€Å"NANO†. I have learned lot during my research proposal on TATA NANO and I hope this will be helpful to find out the proposal information. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2 PREFACE3 INTRODUCTION OF TATA MOTORS5 PROBLEM & RESEARCH OBJECTIVES6 SCOPE OF STUDY7 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY7 LIMITATIONS7 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM8 MANAGEMENT DECISION AND MARKETING RESEARCH PROBLEM8 MANAGEMENT DECISION PROBLEM8 MARKETING RESEARCH PROBLEM9 HYPOTHESIS9 SECONDARY DATA9 TATA NANO – FEATURES10 TARGET MARKET10 SWOT ANALYSIS11 COMPETENCIES OF TATA NANO11 COMPETITION11 CAR OWNERSHIP PER 1000 PEOPLE12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY12 TOTAL NUMBER OF VEHICLES (INDIA)12 GROWTH OF MOTOR VEHICLES (INDIA)13 % OF PEOPLE WHO ARE AWARE OF TATA NANO13 PREFERENCES OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUP REGARDING BUYING OF NANO13 TATA NANO – A PEOPLE’S CAR13 DOMESTIC MARKET SHARE13 BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE – TATA MOTORS14 AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION14 AUTOMOBILE EXPORT14 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ISSUES14 SUGGESTIONS14 ANALYSIS OF TATA NANO15 IMPACT OF TATA NANO ON LIFE OF COMMON MAN15 PORTER’S 5 FORCES MODEL OF NANO CAR15 BARRIERS TO ENTRY15 BUYERS16 SUPPLIERS16 SUBSTITUTES16 COMPETITVE RIVALRY16 CONCLUSION – FUTURE OF TATA NANO16 TABLES – CHARTS & FIGURES17 INTRODUCTION OF TATA NANO18 SECONDARY DATA18 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY20 ANNEXURE23 INTERNET WEBSITES23 TEXT BOOKS / MAGAZINES/ NEWSPAPERS24 INTRODUCTION OF TATA MOTORS â€Å"DREAM – DREAM AND DREAM, because dream gives vision, vision gives thoughts and finally thoughts lead to the action† Each letter of these motivational words said by India’s former President DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM, goes exactly with MR. RATAN TATA, Chairman of TATA GROUP, who in the year 2003, dreamt of producing a safe, affordable car for the common man. Mr. RATAN TATA launched TATA NANO on 10th January, 2008, at the 9th Auto Expo 2008 in New Delhi. Established in 1945. First Vehicle rolled out in 1954. India’s largest business group. Diverse Business in 7 sectors. International income – 61 % of group revenue. Operations in over 80 countries. Products & Services – exported to 85 countries. Largest employer in private sector – over 3, 00,000 employees. World cheapest car with a price tag of $ U. S 2,500. First company from India’s engineering sector to be listed in NYSE (September, 2004). Developed India’s first fully indigenous passenger car. Operations in U. K, South Korea, Thailand & Spain. Over 4 millions TATA vehicles fly on Indian roads. Nation wide dealership – 3500. * (TABLES – CHARTS & FIGURES) PROBLEM & RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To study about how a new product – TATA NANO was developed based on marketing theory of â€Å"new product development†. To study about what made possible for TATA to develop and produce a car for just Rupees ONE LAKH ($ U. S 2,500). To study the objectives and target customers of TATA’S ONE LAKH CAR. To study on consumers buying behavior and preferences and views about TATA NANO by various methods of data collection. To find out the consumer perception on NANO car in INDIA. SCOPE OF STUDY This study would be useful for companies to know what people perceive and thinking about â€Å"Small Fight† that is NANO. This study would be useful to other students as a secondary data. This study would be useful to form strategies according to perception of people about NANO. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To know the consumer perception on â€Å"NANO† car. To find out the acceptance level of people. To find out the awareness level about â€Å"NANO† car. To know about factors affecting purchase decision of â€Å"NANO†. To know how purchase decision of â€Å"NANO† varies from different income group. LIMITATIONS I will have to rely upon the information given by respondents, which may not be fully true. This study will be limited to only Indian Population. It is only for short period of time. Lack of professional approach since researcher is a student. Subjectivity is the main limitations of such studies. These sorts of projects take generally longer period than other ones. Situations may undergo a change. Hence, time gap may effects the successful implementations of research results. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS All have driving experience. Time Duration: 1 hour. All have a good knowledge of TATA NANO. Sample Size – 500. Sample group location. Data collection involves a field force and electronically. Age Group – 20 – 25; 26 – 35; 36 – 45; 45+ (both males & females) QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Taken 100 respondents, collected on the basis of secondary data. Respondents based on previous driving experience, driving license & knowledge about TATA NANO. Based on different cultures, regions & age-group between 20 – 25 years. This project of TATA NANO is based on based on basic research because it is not aimed at solving a particular pragmatic problem. Also generally cannot be immediately implemented by marketing executive. Verify the acceptability of a given theory, or to learn more about a certain concept. My research is based on Descriptive Research. Survey – most common method of descriptive research. Research technique gathering information from a sample of people using questionnaires (which will be utilized later for primary data). Different survey methods to contact respondents: telephone/mail; internet & in person. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM Past Information & Forecast Resources & Constraints Objective Buyer Behavior Legal Environment Economic Environment MANAGEMENT DECISION AND MARKETING RESEARCH PROBLEM MANAGEMENT DECISION PROBLEM Will the conversion of â€Å"TATA NANO† to a taxi affect brand image and consequently sales? Will initial demand may lead to stock out? Whether the prices of â€Å"TATA NANO† will be sustained over a period of time with the economic changes in raw material price rise? With the hike in sales of â€Å"TATA NANO†, whether the infrastructure of the country will be able to sustain the volume of traffic? Will the protest of farmers against â€Å"TATA NANO† plant in SINGUR will affect the sales? Will general perception of brand â€Å"TATA† in small car segment affect the sales? MARKETING RESEARCH PROBLEM As price of â€Å"TATA NANO† is very cheap in INDIA, possibility of car being used as taxi cannot be avoided. Time to convert raw material into TATA NANO. Determining the trends in steel, rubber and other raw material prices. The focus of INDIA in building infrastructure and spending trends. They (TATA) thought that they are cheated by the government. TATA Company is known for heavy commercial vehicle. This common perception can affect the sale of NANO. HYPOTHESIS Conversion of â€Å"TATA NANO† to a taxi do not affect the brand image and consequently sales. TATA NANO is safe for driving. Hike in price of TATA NANO will not affect the sale. People prefer to purchase TATA NANO instead of two wheeler. People can wait for TATA NANO for few months. SECONDARY DATA The success of any project or market survey depends upon heavily on the data collection and analysis. It is necessary that the data collected is a reliable data in order to achieve the research objective. Secondary Data are those data, which have been already collected or published for the purpose other than specific research need at hand. This data is simply used by the researcher for his purpose of collected data and it’s used for the same purpose. The secondary data sources here in this project are: websites, books. It is also often called desk research because, as the name implies, it can often be completed from the desk of the researcher using printed information, the Internet, the phone and so on. The information might be internal, i. e. , available within the researcher’s own organization, or external where the information comes from elsewhere. Internal sources includes: Organization’s sales records; Customer Database; Complaints and other comments received from customers; market research previously carried out from the organization; Inquiries received from prospective customers; Organization’s annual report & Brochures, newsletters & house magazines produced by the organization. External sources includes: libraries; company data; directories & almanacs; books of statistical data; Internet; academic research; media articles in the general & trade press; reports by data agencies; commercial sources; international sources; government databases; industry experts; industry data; market research reports & unpublished sources. TATA NANO – FEATURES LENGTH 3. 1 METERS WIDTH 1. 5 METERS WEIGHT 600 KGS HEIGHT 1. 6 METERS ENGINE ALL ALUMINIUM, REAR MOUNTED, REAR WHEEL DRIVE CAPACITY 623 CC POWER 33PS FUEL INJECTION MULTI POINT FUEL INJECTION (MPFI) FUEL TYPE PETROL, DIESEL VERIONS WILL BE LATER BODY TYPE SHEET METAL SEATING CAPACITY 04 (FOUR) MILEAGE 26 KMPL (HIGHWAYS); 20 – 22 KMPL (CITY DRIVE) TOP SPEED 75 K. M EMISSION NORMS EURO – 1V, BHARAT STAGE – III COMPLIANT SAFETY NORMS FRONTAL CRASH TESTED VERSIONS ONE STANDARD & TWO DELUXE COMPARISON 8% LESS IN LENGTH (BUMPER TO BUMPER) WITH RESPECT TO MARUTI 800. 21% MORE INNER SPACE WITH RESPECT TO MARUTI 800. TARGET MARKET The low – cost care is clearly intended for the masses. For the family of four that would otherwise ride on a scooter, precariously balancing a tiny tot on the front and a baby on the wife’s lap. For the first – time car buyer in INDIA – a huge market despite the increasing number of cars in the urban and semi – urban areas. It also attracts the small cars buyers like Maruti 800. TATA NANO uses plastics and adhesives rather than welding. Introducing the car with an artificially low price through government – subsidies and tax – breaks, or using vertical – integration or partially using inexpensive polymers or biodegradable plastics instead of a full metal – body. It has no AC, no power steering, no power windows, and no power bells and whistles Executive two wheeler people: People that are working rofessionals but cannot afford to buy a three lakh car which is average cost of small car in INDIA. Second hand car user: Those people that cannot afford to buy a new car. Now they will be able to buy a new car cheaper then they buy a used car for. Auto rickshaw market: Most of the auto rickshaws also cost same as the price of NANO. T his may help the NANO to replace them as well. Middle and lower income group people: These are the people that are growing and are becoming a little richer which is making them afford a car. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH Cheapest car in the World. 21% more space than Maruti 800. Brand Name (TATA). Cost Price Low. Fuel Efficient. Safe. Strong Market Position. Research and Development. WEAKNESSES Low power Not a status symbol. Delay in manufacturing. No regular size luggage room. It may create more traffic problems. Dependent on vendors. Overdependence on Indian Market. OPPORTUNITIES It can capture the large market in the society i. e. Middle Class. Large Market for Selling. Awareness in the market. First car in low range. Can hit in global market. THREATS Its nearer competitors BAJAJ AUTO & TARA are ready to introduce â€Å"cars† less than the price of NANO. Company Rival Not sure to hit in rural & semi-urban areas. COMPETENCIES OF TATA NANO Expectations. Modular Design. Pricing Strategy. Export Expectation. Pricing & Acceptance of TATA after launch. Enthusiastic Support. COMPETITION AUTOMOTIVE CAR CAR TATA NANO MARUTI 800 HINDUS AMBY ANDY NANO WEIGHT KG 600 800 2,000 600 SPEED 110 60 100 110 HP 33 37 100 30 VOLUME CC 630 800 1,800 200 FUEL L/HR 5. 5 3. 75 8. 0 1. 0 FUEL/HR/1000/CC 8. 73 4. 69 4. 44 5. 0 SPH 6. 0 9. 87 12. 5 30 HP/1000 CC 52. 40 9. 87 12. 5 30 CO2 E G/KM 116 145 186 21 KMPL 20 16 12. 5 11 T. KMPL 12 12. 8 25 66 MPG 47. 3 37. 8 29. 6 26. 0 FARE $/HR 11 6 10 11 FUEL $/HR 5. 5 3. 75 8 1. 0 NET $/HR 5. 5 2. 25 2. 0 1. 0 NET $/YR 19,800 13,500 7,200 36,000 COST $ 2500 5500 10,000 2,400 CAR OWNERSHIP PER 1000 PEOPLE COUNTRY PASSENGERS CARS/ 1000 POPULATION TOTAL VEHICLES/ 1000 POPULATION GNI / CAPITA (GROSS NATIONAL INCOME) INDIA 8 12 620 CHINA 10 15 1,500 SRI LANKA 13 42 1,010 THAILAND 35 276 2,490 KOREA 218 302 14,000 MALAYSIA 225 272 4,520 JAPAN 441 586 37,050 UNITED KINGDOM 451 510 33,630 UNITES STATES 465 808 41,440 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology deals with the various methods of research. The purpose of the research methodology is to describe the research procedure used in the research. Research Methodology helps in carrying out the project report in by analyzing the various research findings collected through the data collection methods. TOTAL NUMBER OF VEHICLES (INDIA) TABLE 1 shows the progress report of number of vehicles from 1951 – 2008, shown on x-axis, where as number of vehicles shown on y-axis. Number of vehicles in car increased due to demand and supply of cars with potential scope in INDIA. GROWTH OF MOTOR VEHICLES (INDIA) TABLE 2 – Two Wheelers: Two wheel vehicles are the dominant mode of private road transport in INDIA. They account for more than three – quarters of the total registered vehicle population and have exhibited the highest average annual growth rate – 14. 5% between 1980 and 2007. Car, Jeeps and Taxis taken together have grown at an average annual growth rate of 9. 5% during this period, whereas the population of registered buses has increased at an average annual growth rate of 7. 5% over the same period. % OF PEOPLE WHO ARE AWARE OF TATA NANO TABLE 3 – The % of people who are aware of the TATA’S new product – NANO car is shown with the help of pie chart. Here, blue color indicates that people are aware of TATA NANO and red color indicates the % of people who are not aware of TATA NANO. While analyzing this chart, we can know that only 3% of the total sample population is not aware about TATA NANO. This shows the great effect of media, newspaper and launching of this product. PREFERENCES OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUP REGARDING BUYING OF NANO TABLE 4 – This chart shows the preference of different age group to buy TATA NANO when it is launched. On X-axis, number of respondents is given where as on Y-axis the age group is given. Blue bar indicates willingness to purchase TATA NANO. Red bar indicates that the respondent is not willing to purchase it and green indicates that the respondent is not sure. While analyzing this chart, we can see that the young generation is eager to buy the product. While due to some misunderstanding about TATA NANO, the older generation doesn’t desire to buy it or are not sure about it. TATA NANO – A PEOPLE’S CAR TABLE 5 – In this chart, number of respondents is given on the y-axis and some features are given on x-axis. By analyzing the chart, we can say that people consider the cost factor the most for TATA NANO followed by the innovation. Even looks has got quite positive reply. TATA NANO is a product that is developed perfectly at minimum cost without sacrificing the quality. DOMESTIC MARKET SHARE TABLE 6 – In this pie chart diagram, it shows that INDIA has a big potential in auto industry. 77% shows two – wheeler, 14% passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles & 4% three wheelers. TATA NANO decided to capture two-wheeler market. BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE – TATA MOTORS TABLE 7 – This chart represents how the stock market fluctuate with the ups & down’s of TATA NANO Company. The chart is from 2007-08 which shows how BSE increase with an increase in TATA NANO. AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION TABLE 8 – This chart shows that how automobile production is increasing every year. According to this chart, it shows from 2001 to 2007, where every year automobile production is increasing in all sectors such as Passenger Cars; Multi-utility vehicles; Commercial Vehicles; Two Vehicles & Three Vehicles. AUTOMOBILE EXPORT TABLE 9 – This chart shows that how automobile exports is increasing every year. According to this chart, it shows from 2001 to 2007, where every year automobile export is increasing in all sectors such as Passenger Cars; Multi-utility vehicles; Commercial Vehicles; Two Vehicles & Three Vehicles. SEGMENTATION VARIABLE USED GEOGRAPHIC RURAL & URBAN DEMOGRAPHIC FAMILY SIZE & INCOME BEHAVIRAL BENEFIR & USER STATUS TARGET MARKET EXECUTIVE TWO WHEELER SEGMENT, SECOND HAND CAR USER, AUTO RICKSHAW MARKET, MIDDLE & LOWER INCOME GROUP PEOPLE POSITIONING TATA INTENDING TO PLACE IN THE MIND OF THE CONSUMERS AS A PEOPLE’S CAR STARTEGIC OPTIONS UNDIFFERENTIATED MARKETING IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ISSUES SUGGESTIONS TATA should increase the production of NANO so that customers don’t have to wait much for their car, as they feel urgency for NANO. As people believes that NANO is people’s car and will be affordable by common man which was a dream earlier for them. So the price should be kept stable in future with the increase in price of raw material. Otherwise it will be out of their reach and people believe in MR. RATAN TATA’S statement of – â€Å"PROMISE IS A PROMISE†. TATA should give exchange offer against a two or four wheeler so that those consumers can be easily converted to NANO users. Safety measures can be enhanced because people consider it as their prime concern while purchasing. An option for customization should be available. ANALYSIS OF TATA NANO This project on marketing research was a learning experience and brought me close to NANO and provided us depth knowledge through focus group and survey. Focus group ended up with innovative findings, which helped us in going further on the research. But time in between the focus group was leading to group discussion. IMPACT OF TATA NANO ON LIFE OF COMMON MAN In INDIA every one can afford a NANO, just as we buy any electronic appliances for a home uses. Decrease in price of second hand car. High traffic on roads due to sale of exceeds car on roads. Increase in loan on car installments. And finally TATA NANO is definitely better than Maruti 800. TATA has succeeded in value engineering of the product and its great success for TATA’S. It’s something on which INDIA can feel proud of. NANO has been developed effectively. PORTER’S 5 FORCES MODEL OF NANO CAR There is continuing interest in the study of the forces that impact on an organization, particularly those that can be harnessed to provide competitive advantage. The ideas and models which emerged during the period from 1979 to the mid – 1980s were based on the idea that competitive advantage came from the ability to earn a return on investment that was better than the average for the industry sector. As Porter’s 5 Forces analysis deals with factors outside an industry that influence the nature of competition within it, the forces inside the industry (microenvironment) that influence the way in which firms compete, and so the industry’s likely profitability is conducted in Porter’s five forces model. BARRIERS TO ENTRY Time and cost of entry. Knowledge and Technology. Product Differentiation and Cost Advantage. Government Policy and Expected Retaliation. Access to Distribution Channels. Economies of scale. Barriers. BUYERS Number of customers or Volume of Sales. Buying Volume. Differentiation. Price Elasticity. Incentives. Brand Identity or Brand Image. Switching Costs. SUPPLIERS Number of Suppliers. Size of Suppliers. Switching Costs. Unique service or product. Ability to Substitute. SUBSTITUTES Substitute Performance Cost of Switching Buyer willingness Price Brand COMPETITVE RIVALRY Number of Competitors. Exit Barriers. Niche; Product Quality. Differentiation. Switching Costs. Industry Concentration. Diversity of Competitors. Price Competition. CONCLUSION – FUTURE OF TATA NANO Emerging markets are a fertile ground for innovation. The challenge of reaching dispersed, low – income consumers in emerging markets often spurs significant innovation. As customers gain more power, they will demand more tailoring and value – added service to meet their needs. Companies that innovate on this dimension are likely to be richly rewarded. World is getting tougher day by day being unique is a competitive advantage. An expectation to TATA NANO has proved this. After 100 years to Henry Ford, TATA has proved him again not only he came out of the expectations but also came out with a platform for INDIAN Auto Sector. My opinion after the study of various aspects I found that – TATA NANO is definitely not for: a)Someone looking for better performance b)Someone who is looking to impress c)Someone who want to speed trial on Sunday d)Someone who is looking for long drives TATA NANO is definitely for: a)Someone who is looking to buy a car but cannot afford much price. b)A student who want to go to college, tuition instead of bike. c)Someone who depends on second hand car. )For a house wife who can buy a car with her own savings. e)Someone who depends on scooter. So NANO is not a basically a luxury cars but it can fulfilled the all capacity for middle class people. In this report, I would like to conclude that TATA NANO report was a challenging project for me. I have tried my level best to provide secondary data before the due date of my proj ect. I also believe that more information could be collected and if collected more, it can be useful for the next assignment. I believe that the information or data collected are relevant and correct and could be useful for someone else also.

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